Warm Up: Tuesday, August 21st

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Warm Up Tuesday, August 21st

• Respond in FULL Sentences
• Who was your favorite super-hero growing up?
• Why was he/she your favorite super-hero?
• What qualities does a super-hero have that
  distinguishes them from regular people?

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The Culture of Classical Greece
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Daily Life Classical Athens

• Largest population at the time
• Slavery was common
• Most people owned at least one
• State owned slaves worked on public projects
• Most residents of Athens were not citizens

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Economy and Society

• Economy based on farming and trade
• Grapes, veggies, fruit, sheep, milk, dairy
  products
• Exported olive oil and wine
• Imported 50-80 percent of grain
• Family
• Husband, wife, children, slaves, other dependants
• Producing children was main goal

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Women

• Women were excluded from public life
• Had to have male companion to leave house
• Work in house or supervise slaves who worked in
  home
• Could not own property or other personal items
• Only worked outside home if poor
• Male guardians
• No formal education

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Greek Religion

• Greek religion was fundamental to Greek society
  and is remembered today for the Olympic Games and
  Greek drama, which were part of religious
  festivals
• Religion necessary to well-being of state
• Temples major building in Greek cities
• 12 chief gods lived on Mt. Olympus

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Gods and Religion

• Spirits of most people went to Underworld ruled
  by god Hades
• Rituals with prayers and gifts
• I gave to you, you will give to me
• Festivals to honor gods/goddesses
• Olympic festival 776 B.C.
• Oracles revealed future from gods
• Priest or priestess
• Apollo at Delphi most famous

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Myths- Why are they created?

• Greeks Create Myths
• Greeks develop their own myths traditional
  stories about gods
• Greeks seek to understand mysteries of life
  through myths
• Greeks attribute human qualities love, hate,
  jealousy to their gods

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King of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus, and
god of the sky and thunder, in Greek mythology.
His symbols are the thunderbolt, bull, eagle and
the oak. He was married to the goddess Hera,
although he was not very faithful.
The Roman name for Zeus is Jupiter.
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god of the sea, as well as of horses and, as
"Earth-Shaker", of earthquakes.
Roman name is Neptune
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The god of the dead Hades was the ruler of the
Greek Underworld (which itself is sometimes
confusingly referred to as "Hades" also). In
mythology, he was the brother of Zeus and
Poseidon Roman Name is Pluto
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Hestia is the Greek goddess of the hearth fire,
hence presiding over domestic life. She swore a
vow of eternal chastity.
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Wife and older sister of Zeus. She also presided
as goddess of marriage and childbirth.
Writers represented Hera as constantly being
jealous of Zeus's various amorous affairs. She
punished her rivals and their children, among
both goddesses and mortals, with implacable fury.
Roman name is Juno
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son of Zeus (king of the gods) and Hera. Though
often incorrectly referred to as the Olympian god
of war, he is more accurately the god of savage
war, or bloodlust.
Roman name is Mars
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goddess of civilization, specifically wisdom,
weaving, crafts and the more disciplined side of
war (violence and bloodlust were Ares' domain).
Was the patron goddess of Athens Roman name is
Minerva
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archer-god of medicine and healing, light, truth,
archery and is a god of music and
poetry Frequently referred to as the god of the
sun. Roman name is also Apollo
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goddess of love, lust, beauty, and sexuality. Her
Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus.
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Hermes is the messenger from the gods to humans
Roman name is Mercury
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Virgin goddess of the hunt and the wild. . She
was the twin sister of Apollo Roman name was
Diana
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Pandora ("all gifted") was the first woman
Zeus ordered Hephaestus to make her as part of
the punishment of mankind for Prometheus' theft
of the secret of fire. According to the myth,
Pandora opened a container releasing all the
miseries of mankind greed, vanity, slander,
envy, piningleaving only hope inside.
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The Greeks began the practice of performing plays
in outdoor amphitheatres. Theatre began as a
festival worshipping Dionysus, the god of wine
and fertility, but evolved into the art form we
are familiar with today. A group of actors,
called the chorus, stood on stage and talked
about what was happening in the play. Only men
were allowed to be actors. The actors wore large
masks, perhaps with amplification devices in
them, perhaps so that it was easy to tell the
emotion of the actor by looking at their
mask. Tragedy and Comedy were the two areas of
Greek theatre
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Apollo at Delphi
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Classical Greek Arts and Literature

• Greece produced groundbreaking art and literature
  that is still considered relevant.
• Based on religion, no longer practiced
• Passed down by Romans
• Human being object of great beauty

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Architecture and Sculpture

• Temple most important
• Originally made of wood, 5th century B.C. marble
• Open structures
• Parthenon
• Built 447-432 B.C.
• God Athena
• Calmness, clarity, and freedom from unnecessary
  detail.
• Sculpture human ideal figure

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Inside the Parthenon
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Architecture
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The Classical Orders

• The three classical orders are
• Doric
• Ionic
• Corinthian

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Designs of Greek Temples

• Grander temples, like the Parthenon, had both a
  front and back porch, as well as a colonnade
  surrounding the entire structure.

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Important Greek Structures

• The Acropolis, the Propylaea, the Temple of
  Athena Nike, the Parthenon, and the Erectheum

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The Acropolis

• The most famous Greek buildings topped the
  Athenian Acropolis.

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The Propylea
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Temple of Athena Nike
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The Parthenon
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The Erechtheum

• The most distinctive element of this building is
  the Porch of the Maidens.

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Influence on the World

• Greek architecture had a lasting impact on the
  world.
• The Romans adopted it as an ideal, but modified
  it to meet their practical needs.

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In the United States
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Amphitheaters

• Amphi- means "around" in Greek.
• Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round"

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Amphitheaters in America
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Theaters

• The theater was shaped with a half circle or
  orchestra space in front of the stage.
• The structure was built into a hillside and the
  wall behind the stage structure was relatively
  low.
• To solve the problem of lighting and sound - the
  theaters were outdoors.
• Dodoni was a vital center from about 2000 BC and
  flourished well into the Roman times.

Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater, Northwest Greece
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Greek Theaters

• Orchestra The orchestra (literally, "dancing
  space") was normally circular.
• Theatron The theatron (literally,
  "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat.
• Skene The skene (literally, "tent") was the
  building directly behind the stage.
• Parodos The parodoi (literally, "passageways")
  are the paths by which the chorus and some actors
  made their entrances and exits.

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Arches

• An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning
  a space while supporting significant weight.
• The arch was developed in Ancient Greece and
  later refined in Ancient Rome.
• Arches were used by for underground structures
  such as drains and vaults.
• The ancient Romans were the first to use them
  widely above ground.

The Arch of Constantine background right, the
Colosseum.
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Arches in America
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Monuments

• Roman monuments were constructed using the arch
  and had the details carved into them.
• The arch was usually very big and was a prominent
  feature of the skyline of the town in which it
  was located.

Arch of Constantine 315 A.D.
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Monuments in America
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Aqueducts in America

• Croton Aqueduct,
• New York City, NY, 1842
• Provide clean water to the growing city.

Cabin John Bridge, Washington Aqueduct,
Washington, DC, 1852
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Bath Houses

• Aqueducts provided the water to the public baths.
• Heated and cooled baths.
• Dirty water was replaced with clean water.
• Exercise and message rooms were available.

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What makes a hero activity?

• Pick someone that you find to be your hero (dead
  or alive, famous or non-famous)
• Answer the following questions in a paragraph
  explaining what makes them a hero
• How do they strive for arete or excellence?
• How do they preserve their honor and reputation?
• How do they work hard to earn their reputation?
• Why you are proud of them?
• This will be due this Friday!!!