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Warm-up

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Warm-up Why do you think that the Spanish colonists wanted to break away from Spain? * Unrest and Revolution * Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain As the small colonies ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Warm-up


1
Warm-up
  • Why do you think that the Spanish colonists
    wanted to break away from Spain?

2
Unrest and Revolution
3
Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain
  • As the small colonies grew into towns, the
    settlers worked together to solve their own
    problems.
  • The settlers couldnt wait for Spain to direct
    them.
  • The settlers felt that the king lived too far
    away to truly understand their needs.

4
  • In the last decades of the 1700s Spain became
    involved in huge problems in Europe.
  • Conflicts with England and France took up most of
    Spains time and money.

5
Spain didn't have enough money to spend on
the new towns in current-day Texas.
6
How was Spain going to get money to fight the
conflicts with England and France?
  • Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in
    Texas.
  • Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate
    money to pay for European wars.

7
  • How would you like to work hard all week and have
    to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of
    your income/money in taxes?
  • What you had left, they tried to make you
    donate to Spain to pay for their European Wars.

Would you be upset like the Spanish Texas
settlers?
8
  • By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied.
  • Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers.
  • Colonists wanted to make their own rules.

9
The Enlightenment Movement
  • People tried to apply reason and science to all
    aspects of society, including government.
  • This movement challenged the idea that kings had
    a God-given right to rule.
  • A government should support the peoples nature
    rights and interests. (If a government does not
    do this, it should be replaced.)

10
Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence
  • Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of
    the Enlightenment.
  • Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming
    families for years just north of Mexico City.
    He saw how these families struggled and how
    Spains crown neglected to help them.

11
  • Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was
    in charge, conditions for these Mexican families
    would never change.
  • Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the
    Mexican people from Spain.
  • (liberation the act of becoming free)

12
  • When the king and queen of Spain heard that
    Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the
    Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM.
  • Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he
    had three choices
  • stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City)
  • hide out and hope not to get caught
  • begin a revolution

conspiring to join in a secret agreement
13
What will Father Hidalgo do?
14
Grito de Dolores
Cry of Dolores
www.vivasancarlos.com/ call_ind.html
  • On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a
    speech titled Grito de Dolores. (Remember
    Dolores was the city he was in, just north of
    Mexico City.)
  • In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican
    citizens to rise up and fight for independence.

15
Father Hidalgo is killed.
  • On his was to meet up with his supporters,
    Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and
    executed.
  • Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see
    Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great
    effect on the future of
    Mexico and Texas.

16
Warm-Up
  • Compare Father Hidalgos speech to the
    Declaration of Independence. How are they similar
    and how are they different?

17
Hidalgos Supporters Rebel Against Spain
  • A group of rebels led by Juan Bautista de las
    Casas overthrew the Spanish government in San
    Antonio.
  • They named Las Casas governor and then took
    control of La Bahia and Nacogdoches.
  • On January 22, 1811, Las Casas declared the
    Mexican state of Texas independent of Spain.

18
Mexican Unrest Continues
  • Even though the rebellions led by Hidalgo and Las
    Casas failed, people began opening their eyes to
    the possibility of freedom from Spanish control.
  • They believed that with the right army, the
    colonists could win their independence.

19
Jose Bernardo Gutierrez
  • Gutierrez and his army commander, Augustus Magee,
    marched back to Texas and briefly took control
    from Spain. (They were defeated shortly
    thereafter.)

20
Meanwhile in Spain
  • A group of liberals staged a successful revolt in
    1820.
  • This revolt forced the king of Spain to make
    changes.
  • The conservatives in Spain started to think twice
    about all of its choices.
  • Many conservatives joined with Father Hidalgos
    followers to defeat Spanish forces.

21
August 24, 1821
  • A treaty was signed, making Mexico independent
    from Spain.
  • Texas then became the new Republic of Mexico.

22
Spanish Influence Lives On
  • Spaniards explored Texas, built towns,
    established missions, and developed missions for
    hundreds of years.
  • Spanish culture, language, customs, beliefs, etc.
    heavily impacted life in Texas.
  • Even though Spain lost political control of
    Texas, Spanish influence has remained
    strong throughout history.

23
MEXICO AFTER INDEPENDENCE, 1821
24
Spanish Rule Ends in Mexico
25
Mexico Wins Independence
  • After the death of Father Hidalgo and Father
    Pavon (two leaders of Mexican Independence), the
    revolution seemed at an end.
  • In 1820 political changes in Spain weakened the
    government and breathed new life into the revolt.
  • Agustin de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero led an
    army that defeated Spain and Mexico won its
    independence.

26
Now What
This war of independence took a great toll on
both Mexico and Texas. Indian attacks on
settlements increased and little man-power
remained for defense. The loss of livestock and
crops due to the war destroyed the economy.
  • By 1821 only about ½ of the population of tejanos
    remained (near 30,000 Indians still remained
    however).
  • About 1,500 tejanos lived in San Antonio and
    around 1,000 lived in La Bahia (renamed Goliad in
    1829)
  • Nacogdoches was deserted.

27
Causes and Effects of Mexican Independence
  • Causes
  • Wide economic and social divisions between the
    rich and poor in New Spain
  • Political corruption in Spain
  • Examples of other revolutions, including the
    American Revolution and those occurring in Latin
    America
  • Father Hidlagos Grito de Dolores
  • Effects
  • Creation of Mexico as an independent republic
  • Economic ruin and loss of life in Mexico,
    including Texas.
  • Political instability in Mexico
  • Attempts to increase the Texas population with
    immigrants from Europe and the United States

28
Tejano Ranchers
  • Several ranches began to pop up and thrive around
    the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo. Livestock
    included cattle, horses and sheep.
  • Martin de Leon was a famous tejano rancher who
    helped to establish the cattle industry in Texas
  • Ranching also became a huge economy booster
    around the San Antonio area as well setting up
    trade with Louisiana and trading posts in Mexico
  • Many of the wealthiest tejanos lived and worked
    on ranches in Texas.

29
Mexican Policies in Texas
  • Now that Mexico was an independent republic, they
    had to decide which Spanish policies to continue
    in Texas.
  • THE MISSION SYSTEM
  • Spain has begun to secularize the remaining
    mission beginning in 1793 (moving from religious
    to civil control)
  • San Antonio de Valero was the first to be
    secularized and housed a military unit called San
    Jose y Santiago del Alamo de Parras.
  • All Texas missions were secularized by 1831 and
    most of the Native Americans began to settle
    among the Spanish

30
More Mexican Policies in Texas
  • Mexico was concerned about the low population in
    Texas. Too much land and too few Tejanos
    defense??
  • Few Mexicans wanted to live in the unsettled
    Texas frontier
  • Right before the independence of Mexico, Spain
    had offered open immigration to the U.S.
  • Would Mexico honor this offer??

31
What did you learnAnswer the following based on
the powerpoint
  • Under Spain, and then Mexico, what happened to
    the Mission System in Texas?
  • It was secularized beginning in 1793 under Spain
    and finishing in 1831 under Mexico
  • 2. How did the Mexican Independence affect Texas?
  • It made Texas part of the independent nation of
    Mexico ruined the economy and drained the
    resources greatly decreased the Tejano
    population worsened Indian relations in Texas

32
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