Title: Warm-up
1Warm-up
- Why do you think that the Spanish colonists
wanted to break away from Spain?
2Unrest and Revolution
3Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain
- As the small colonies grew into towns, the
settlers worked together to solve their own
problems.
- The settlers couldnt wait for Spain to direct
them. - The settlers felt that the king lived too far
away to truly understand their needs.
4- In the last decades of the 1700s Spain became
involved in huge problems in Europe. - Conflicts with England and France took up most of
Spains time and money.
5Spain didn't have enough money to spend on
the new towns in current-day Texas.
6How was Spain going to get money to fight the
conflicts with England and France?
- Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in
Texas. - Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate
money to pay for European wars.
7- How would you like to work hard all week and have
to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of
your income/money in taxes? - What you had left, they tried to make you
donate to Spain to pay for their European Wars.
Would you be upset like the Spanish Texas
settlers?
8- By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied.
- Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers.
- Colonists wanted to make their own rules.
9The Enlightenment Movement
- People tried to apply reason and science to all
aspects of society, including government. - This movement challenged the idea that kings had
a God-given right to rule. - A government should support the peoples nature
rights and interests. (If a government does not
do this, it should be replaced.)
10Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence
- Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of
the Enlightenment. - Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming
families for years just north of Mexico City.
He saw how these families struggled and how
Spains crown neglected to help them.
11- Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was
in charge, conditions for these Mexican families
would never change. - Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the
Mexican people from Spain. - (liberation the act of becoming free)
12- When the king and queen of Spain heard that
Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the
Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM. - Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he
had three choices - stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City)
- hide out and hope not to get caught
- begin a revolution
conspiring to join in a secret agreement
13What will Father Hidalgo do?
14Grito de Dolores
Cry of Dolores
www.vivasancarlos.com/ call_ind.html
- On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a
speech titled Grito de Dolores. (Remember
Dolores was the city he was in, just north of
Mexico City.) - In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican
citizens to rise up and fight for independence.
15Father Hidalgo is killed.
- On his was to meet up with his supporters,
Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and
executed. - Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see
Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great
effect on the future of
Mexico and Texas.
16Warm-Up
- Compare Father Hidalgos speech to the
Declaration of Independence. How are they similar
and how are they different?
17Hidalgos Supporters Rebel Against Spain
- A group of rebels led by Juan Bautista de las
Casas overthrew the Spanish government in San
Antonio. - They named Las Casas governor and then took
control of La Bahia and Nacogdoches. - On January 22, 1811, Las Casas declared the
Mexican state of Texas independent of Spain.
18Mexican Unrest Continues
- Even though the rebellions led by Hidalgo and Las
Casas failed, people began opening their eyes to
the possibility of freedom from Spanish control. - They believed that with the right army, the
colonists could win their independence.
19Jose Bernardo Gutierrez
- Gutierrez and his army commander, Augustus Magee,
marched back to Texas and briefly took control
from Spain. (They were defeated shortly
thereafter.)
20Meanwhile in Spain
- A group of liberals staged a successful revolt in
1820. - This revolt forced the king of Spain to make
changes. - The conservatives in Spain started to think twice
about all of its choices. - Many conservatives joined with Father Hidalgos
followers to defeat Spanish forces.
21August 24, 1821
- A treaty was signed, making Mexico independent
from Spain. - Texas then became the new Republic of Mexico.
22Spanish Influence Lives On
- Spaniards explored Texas, built towns,
established missions, and developed missions for
hundreds of years. - Spanish culture, language, customs, beliefs, etc.
heavily impacted life in Texas. - Even though Spain lost political control of
Texas, Spanish influence has remained
strong throughout history.
23MEXICO AFTER INDEPENDENCE, 1821
24Spanish Rule Ends in Mexico
25Mexico Wins Independence
- After the death of Father Hidalgo and Father
Pavon (two leaders of Mexican Independence), the
revolution seemed at an end. - In 1820 political changes in Spain weakened the
government and breathed new life into the revolt. - Agustin de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero led an
army that defeated Spain and Mexico won its
independence.
26Now What
This war of independence took a great toll on
both Mexico and Texas. Indian attacks on
settlements increased and little man-power
remained for defense. The loss of livestock and
crops due to the war destroyed the economy.
- By 1821 only about ½ of the population of tejanos
remained (near 30,000 Indians still remained
however). - About 1,500 tejanos lived in San Antonio and
around 1,000 lived in La Bahia (renamed Goliad in
1829) - Nacogdoches was deserted.
27Causes and Effects of Mexican Independence
- Causes
- Wide economic and social divisions between the
rich and poor in New Spain - Political corruption in Spain
- Examples of other revolutions, including the
American Revolution and those occurring in Latin
America - Father Hidlagos Grito de Dolores
- Effects
- Creation of Mexico as an independent republic
- Economic ruin and loss of life in Mexico,
including Texas. - Political instability in Mexico
- Attempts to increase the Texas population with
immigrants from Europe and the United States
28Tejano Ranchers
- Several ranches began to pop up and thrive around
the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo. Livestock
included cattle, horses and sheep. - Martin de Leon was a famous tejano rancher who
helped to establish the cattle industry in Texas - Ranching also became a huge economy booster
around the San Antonio area as well setting up
trade with Louisiana and trading posts in Mexico - Many of the wealthiest tejanos lived and worked
on ranches in Texas.
29Mexican Policies in Texas
- Now that Mexico was an independent republic, they
had to decide which Spanish policies to continue
in Texas. - THE MISSION SYSTEM
- Spain has begun to secularize the remaining
mission beginning in 1793 (moving from religious
to civil control) - San Antonio de Valero was the first to be
secularized and housed a military unit called San
Jose y Santiago del Alamo de Parras. - All Texas missions were secularized by 1831 and
most of the Native Americans began to settle
among the Spanish
30More Mexican Policies in Texas
- Mexico was concerned about the low population in
Texas. Too much land and too few Tejanos
defense?? - Few Mexicans wanted to live in the unsettled
Texas frontier - Right before the independence of Mexico, Spain
had offered open immigration to the U.S. - Would Mexico honor this offer??
31What did you learnAnswer the following based on
the powerpoint
- Under Spain, and then Mexico, what happened to
the Mission System in Texas? - It was secularized beginning in 1793 under Spain
and finishing in 1831 under Mexico - 2. How did the Mexican Independence affect Texas?
- It made Texas part of the independent nation of
Mexico ruined the economy and drained the
resources greatly decreased the Tejano
population worsened Indian relations in Texas
32To Review