Title: Sociology of Literature and ??
1Sociology of Literature and ??s Discourses of
Love
- Dialectic Materialism -- Marx and Vulgar Marxism
- Literature, Society Ideology Althusser and
Gramsci - Marxist Literary Theorists Macherey, Eagleton
and Jameson - Foucault ???????????? (CY as an example)
- Methodology, Pattern
- and Implied Ideologies
- 2007 Fall
2Outline
- Discourse a Review
- Sociology of Literature (Lin Intro.)
- Romantic Love ?? CY (Ref.lt??????????????????gt)
- Romantic Love a Review
- CY An Overview
- ?????
- 1. The Remote and the Poetic 2. The Sociological
3. Destiny and ? - Gender Relations women and sex
- Social Background and Development of Romantic
Love (from the revolutionary to female fantasies)
3Discourse Definition Review
- Discourse is "a group of statements which provide
a language for talking about ...a particular
topic at a particular historical moment." - Constructed through some discursive practices
- Three major procedures of discursive formation
- Definition Prohibition
- Division and rejection
- Opposition between false and true
- (Ref. Textbook 154)
4Discourse Definition (2)
- Influences
- -- productive produces knowledge
- -- regulative (not unlike penopticon) offers us
subject positions which is hierarchical. - -- controlling and discriminatory discipline the
subjects and punish or exclude those who do not
follow the rules.
5Discourse example
- Sexuality as a discourse
- Discourses of sexuality have increased and become
a science since the 17th century, when sex in the
West became a taboo. ? for normlization and
regulation. - Produces different subject positions and objects
of gaze and control. The sodomite had been
temporary aberration the homosexual was now a
species. (1979 43) - Sexual identities regulatory fictions
inscribed on our bodies. Womens in the Romantic
Love Discourse?
6Literary Discourse implications
- No fixed boundaries between literature and other
social practices ? popular fiction such as those
of ?? can be discussed with some literary work. - The author is not the creator of his work. S/he
serves as a label to put on a group of works
related to him. (e.g. Wordsworth discourse ??s
discourse of Romantic love) - Defining some subject positions (of the author,
the reader, the lovers, etc.)
7Sociology of Literature 3 Kinds
- 1. Reflection Examine social phenomena in the
text - understanding of society through literature
- literature reflects society.
- 2. Influence Examines how social environment and
structure influence the production and
circulation of literature. - sociology of literary production
- 3. Interpretive analysis and institutional
analysis combined
8Methodology
- Formal-Textual analysis structuralist approach
- looks for binaries
- defines roles/actant (e.g. princess, villain,
etc.) and see how they develop or even change
roles - Motifs e.g. family vs. love in ??s novels
- Institutional analysis
- Crown (??)
- The emergence of culture industry
9Methodology (2)
- Social-Historical Analysis
- How her work presents the lives of the migrant
students and their rebellion against patriarchal
families - TV formula
- Critical-Interpretive ??/???? ? discourse
analysis - -- the text itself is already an interpretation
- 1. from the meaning of a text to the meaning
structures (discourse) it is embedded in - 2. Disclose the relations between power and
meanings.
10Methodology (2) 8 units
- Text narrative structure and structure of
feeling - Narrative structure falling in love (love
conflict) ? (familial) disintegration ?
reconciliation ? reintegration - structure of feeling melodramatic, romantic,
affective familialism (e.g. adoptive family, fear
of incest) - 2. Author e.g. the support of Ping
- 3. Reader e.g. teenagers release from reality
- 4. Genre conventions ? communitys consensus
about melodrama or realistic novel (28)
11Methodology (2) 8 units (2)
- Literary community from being centralized to
de-centered (?? in the late 80s?) - Rental Bookstore, Bookstores and Culture industry
(for mass production and circulation) p. 31 the
historic changes - Institution institutionalization (e.g. New
Criticism-- with norms such as literatures
autonomy, objective correlative, etc.) - Society social structure is involved in the
production and reception of literature
12Qs
- What is the difference between sociology thru
literature and sociology of literature? - How do we relate literary studies to her
methodology? (What is ??????? 016) - Is intrinsic, or formal-textual, analysis itself
not enough? (??????????????. 020)
13Romantic Love review
- The desire for union or merger
- Idealization of the beloved
- Exclusivity (e.g. always, never)
- Emotional dependency or powerful concern for the
beloved. (Cf. J. 5)
14Romantic Love Discourse of ??
- Not seen as popular romance first
- Gradually codified into Romantic love story
(while other aspects of the novels are ignored or
emptied out) - Typical plot
- love at first sight ? passion obstacles ?
overcoming the obstacles or death. - In ??s novels,two basic forces are love and
family the obstacles are usu. from the family
(generation gap and/or family love) ?
re-structuring of the family (Lin 20-21)
15?? --her novels periodized
- Three periods Romantic Love de-politicized.
- 60s (dominant anti-Communist lit.) Nostalgia,
Taiwanese as aliens conflicts between the two
generations the older generation from mainland
China gray and pessimistic. ( ????? 1966) - 70s more focused on Taiwan dreams of the
upper-middle classes in Taiwan marriage as the
solution. ? turned into an industry. (e.g.
????1974) - 80s when she became a collective phenomenon.
(? pp. 36-37)
16Romantic Love Discourse of ?? --Historicized
- Romantic Love 2 Kinds in CYs work
- Early years of the Republic (around the time of
May 4) connected with social reform (p. 62) - CYs personal and de-politicized
17?? pattern her novels in the 60s (e.g.?????)
- Lack and Discontent
- Falling in love
- Generation conflicts (mystery hidden and then
revealed) - Resolution of the conflicts
- Conclusion Love inside and outside marriage
system. (?74)
- Poverty of ?? and her daughter, ?? (past
poverty and displacement during the war) - ??-??(?? -??)
- The mothers objection
- ??s self-sacrifice
- Three kinds of love ??-????-??(?? -??)
18Ref. In the 70s The Remote in the Romantic Love
Discourse of ??
- The remote romantic or a-political
- ???? (1974) http//www.qyhouse.com/ebooks/vol20.t
xt) - Historical background 70s after the white
terror and the period of political upheaval and
modernization - 1971 ??????????
- 1973 Ten Major Constructions
- --
- 1975 Yang Hsuan ?? Modern Chinese Folksong
Concert ????????, - 1977 ??????
- 1979 ????Beautiful Island Event.?????
19The Remote in the Romantic Love Discourse of ??
- ???? (1974 http//www.qyhouse.com/ebooks/vol20.tx
t) - The remote
- The dreamy and poetic signs poem, guitar
- The Western and far away signs ???,beautiful
sceneries without identity. - The unsaid the political, the economic and the
sexual. Examples 1, 2, 3
20The Sociological
- ????? 1966 (p. 69)
- Two generations
- The migrant students (p. 69) (clip 2 1048,
1650)
????? ???
????? ??? (nephew)???
21??s plot familial constraint destiny?
- 1. ?? -- Rebellious against the traditional
society (e.g. match-making) (clip 2 31) - released by the nanny
- in defiance of arranged marriage, but still in
need of the rescue of ?? - 2. ?? Lack/discontent? a new and mysterious
situation? the hero (??) solving the mystery ?
marriage and withdrawal/separation/death - 3. Obstacles are all external ones
- The lovers are born for each other.
- ?? Or part of the ideology of Romantic love?
- 4. Why reconciliation? (suicide or accident of
the wayward)
22??s plot familial constraint destiny?
23??(3) Gender Sex
- Presentation of women (p. 76, 78)
- Weak, in need of support (?the novel as an
expression of female fantasies)(e.g. ?? clip--1
24 2 29) - If strong, she is usu. not satisfied in love,
stubborn and lonely. (e.g. ?? 34)
24??(2) Gender Sex
- Presentation of women the weak
- e.g. (first encounter)????????????,?????????????
????,??????????,?????????,????????????????????????
?,???????????????????????????? - (meeting on the street)?????!????????????!????????
??,???????????????????????????,??????????????,??,?
?,???? - ??called ???
25??(2) Gender Sex
- Presentation of women the weak
- e.g. ?? --?????????,????????????????????????????
?????,???????,????????,????,????????????,???????,?
?????????????????????????????????!???????????????!
??,?????????,????????????
26??(2) Gender Sex
- Presentation of women the strong who is weak
inside - e.g. (after ?? creates troubles)??????????,??????
???,???????,??????,????????,????????,?????????????
???????????,?????????,?????????,??????,??????,??
????????,???????,?????? - Presentation of Man
- ?????,?????????,?????,??????????
27????? Romantic Attraction (class no sex?)
- Past ??????
- Rich man and weak woman
- Poetry as a means of communication (2 clips)
- Attempts to overcome difficulties (since ?? was
married)
- Present
- Rich man and weak/poor woman
- Coffee shops (2 clips)
- Feeble attempts to overcome difficulties
28????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
- Present coffee shop
- ???????????????,????????????????????????,?????????
?,????,???????????????????,????????! - ????????????????????????????,????????????,????????
??????????,???????????????,???????????????
29????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
- Present coffee shop (2)
- ?????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????
???????,???????,??,???????????????? - ??????????,??????????????????,??????????????????
??
30????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
- Present coffee shop (3)
- ????????? ?? ????
- ??????,?????????????????? ???,??????????
- ?????????,?????????,???,????????????,??,??????????
,???????????
31????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
- Present coffee shop (3)
- ????????,??????,?????????????????,??????,???????,
???????????????,???????????,???,??,???????????????
??????,??,??????????????,?????????????????????????
?,??????????????,???????????????
32?? in the context of Chinese discourses on
Romantic Love
- Unlike the revolutionary spirits of May Fourth
period, - ??s women infantilized and innocent
- -- (????? age 18)
- -- ??high school student, in need of male
support and family identification. (clip 22-24) - (? pp. 80- 81)
33?? in the context of Chinese discourses on
Romantic Love
- Romantic Love from the revolutionary to female
fantasies - Three periods
- Free-Choice Marriage during the May Fourth
period a means to challenge traditional family
structure (esp. arranged marriage) with
revolutionary ideals - 30s and 40s during the war more compromised.
(The setting of ?????) - 60 and 70s when ??s novels started to be
popular. Free love and Free-choice marriage were
not popular in Taiwan (58 among college students
and 8 of the whole people).