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Sociology of Literature and ??

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Title: Sociology of Literature and ??


1
Sociology of Literature and ??s Discourses of
Love
  1. Dialectic Materialism -- Marx and Vulgar Marxism
  2. Literature, Society Ideology Althusser and
    Gramsci
  3. Marxist Literary Theorists Macherey, Eagleton
    and Jameson
  4. Foucault ???????????? (CY as an example)
  • Methodology, Pattern
  • and Implied Ideologies
  • 2007 Fall

2
Outline
  • Discourse a Review
  • Sociology of Literature (Lin Intro.)
  • Romantic Love ?? CY (Ref.lt??????????????????gt)
  • Romantic Love a Review
  • CY An Overview
  • ?????
  • 1. The Remote and the Poetic 2. The Sociological
    3. Destiny and ?
  • Gender Relations women and sex
  • Social Background and Development of Romantic
    Love (from the revolutionary to female fantasies)

3
Discourse Definition Review
  • Discourse is "a group of statements which provide
    a language for talking about ...a particular
    topic at a particular historical moment."
  • Constructed through some discursive practices
  • Three major procedures of discursive formation
  • Definition Prohibition
  • Division and rejection
  • Opposition between false and true
  • (Ref. Textbook 154)

4
Discourse Definition (2)
  • Influences
  • -- productive produces knowledge
  • -- regulative (not unlike penopticon) offers us
    subject positions which is hierarchical.
  • -- controlling and discriminatory discipline the
    subjects and punish or exclude those who do not
    follow the rules.

5
Discourse example
  • Sexuality as a discourse
  • Discourses of sexuality have increased and become
    a science since the 17th century, when sex in the
    West became a taboo. ? for normlization and
    regulation.
  • Produces different subject positions and objects
    of gaze and control. The sodomite had been
    temporary aberration the homosexual was now a
    species. (1979 43)
  • Sexual identities regulatory fictions
    inscribed on our bodies. Womens in the Romantic
    Love Discourse?

6
Literary Discourse implications
  • No fixed boundaries between literature and other
    social practices ? popular fiction such as those
    of ?? can be discussed with some literary work.
  • The author is not the creator of his work. S/he
    serves as a label to put on a group of works
    related to him. (e.g. Wordsworth discourse ??s
    discourse of Romantic love)
  • Defining some subject positions (of the author,
    the reader, the lovers, etc.)

7
Sociology of Literature 3 Kinds
  • 1. Reflection Examine social phenomena in the
    text
  • understanding of society through literature
  • literature reflects society.
  • 2. Influence Examines how social environment and
    structure influence the production and
    circulation of literature.
  • sociology of literary production
  • 3. Interpretive analysis and institutional
    analysis combined

8
Methodology
  • Formal-Textual analysis structuralist approach
  • looks for binaries
  • defines roles/actant (e.g. princess, villain,
    etc.) and see how they develop or even change
    roles
  • Motifs e.g. family vs. love in ??s novels
  • Institutional analysis
  • Crown (??)
  • The emergence of culture industry

9
Methodology (2)
  • Social-Historical Analysis
  • How her work presents the lives of the migrant
    students and their rebellion against patriarchal
    families
  • TV formula
  • Critical-Interpretive ??/???? ? discourse
    analysis
  • -- the text itself is already an interpretation
  • 1. from the meaning of a text to the meaning
    structures (discourse) it is embedded in
  • 2. Disclose the relations between power and
    meanings.

10
Methodology (2) 8 units
  • Text narrative structure and structure of
    feeling
  • Narrative structure falling in love (love
    conflict) ? (familial) disintegration ?
    reconciliation ? reintegration
  • structure of feeling melodramatic, romantic,
    affective familialism (e.g. adoptive family, fear
    of incest)
  • 2. Author e.g. the support of Ping
  • 3. Reader e.g. teenagers release from reality
  • 4. Genre conventions ? communitys consensus
    about melodrama or realistic novel (28)

11
Methodology (2) 8 units (2)
  1. Literary community from being centralized to
    de-centered (?? in the late 80s?)
  2. Rental Bookstore, Bookstores and Culture industry
    (for mass production and circulation) p. 31 the
    historic changes
  3. Institution institutionalization (e.g. New
    Criticism-- with norms such as literatures
    autonomy, objective correlative, etc.)
  4. Society social structure is involved in the
    production and reception of literature

12
Qs
  • What is the difference between sociology thru
    literature and sociology of literature?
  • How do we relate literary studies to her
    methodology? (What is ??????? 016)
  • Is intrinsic, or formal-textual, analysis itself
    not enough? (??????????????. 020)

13
Romantic Love review
  • The desire for union or merger
  • Idealization of the beloved
  • Exclusivity (e.g. always, never)
  • Emotional dependency or powerful concern for the
    beloved. (Cf. J. 5)

14
Romantic Love Discourse of ??
  • Not seen as popular romance first
  • Gradually codified into Romantic love story
    (while other aspects of the novels are ignored or
    emptied out)
  • Typical plot
  • love at first sight ? passion obstacles ?
    overcoming the obstacles or death.
  • In ??s novels,two basic forces are love and
    family the obstacles are usu. from the family
    (generation gap and/or family love) ?
    re-structuring of the family (Lin 20-21)

15
?? --her novels periodized
  • Three periods Romantic Love de-politicized.
  • 60s (dominant anti-Communist lit.) Nostalgia,
    Taiwanese as aliens conflicts between the two
    generations the older generation from mainland
    China gray and pessimistic. ( ????? 1966)
  • 70s more focused on Taiwan dreams of the
    upper-middle classes in Taiwan marriage as the
    solution. ? turned into an industry. (e.g.
    ????1974)
  • 80s when she became a collective phenomenon.
    (? pp. 36-37)

16
Romantic Love Discourse of ?? --Historicized
  • Romantic Love 2 Kinds in CYs work
  • Early years of the Republic (around the time of
    May 4) connected with social reform (p. 62)
  • CYs personal and de-politicized

17
?? pattern her novels in the 60s (e.g.?????)
  1. Lack and Discontent
  2. Falling in love
  3. Generation conflicts (mystery hidden and then
    revealed)
  4. Resolution of the conflicts
  5. Conclusion Love inside and outside marriage
    system. (?74)
  1. Poverty of ?? and her daughter, ?? (past
    poverty and displacement during the war)
  2. ??-??(?? -??)
  3. The mothers objection
  4. ??s self-sacrifice
  5. Three kinds of love ??-????-??(?? -??)

18
Ref. In the 70s The Remote in the Romantic Love
Discourse of ??
  • The remote romantic or a-political
  • ???? (1974) http//www.qyhouse.com/ebooks/vol20.t
    xt)
  • Historical background 70s after the white
    terror and the period of political upheaval and
    modernization
  • 1971  ??????????
  • 1973  Ten Major Constructions
  • --
  •  1975  Yang Hsuan ?? Modern Chinese Folksong
    Concert ????????,
  • 1977 ??????
  • 1979 ????Beautiful Island Event.?????

19
The Remote in the Romantic Love Discourse of ??
  • ???? (1974 http//www.qyhouse.com/ebooks/vol20.tx
    t)
  • The remote
  • The dreamy and poetic signs poem, guitar
  • The Western and far away signs ???,beautiful
    sceneries without identity.
  • The unsaid the political, the economic and the
    sexual. Examples 1, 2, 3

20
The Sociological
  • ????? 1966 (p. 69)
  • Two generations
  • The migrant students (p. 69) (clip 2 1048,
    1650)

????? ???
????? ??? (nephew)???
21
??s plot familial constraint destiny?
  • 1. ?? -- Rebellious against the traditional
    society (e.g. match-making) (clip 2 31)
  • released by the nanny
  • in defiance of arranged marriage, but still in
    need of the rescue of ??
  • 2. ?? Lack/discontent? a new and mysterious
    situation? the hero (??) solving the mystery ?
    marriage and withdrawal/separation/death
  • 3. Obstacles are all external ones
  • The lovers are born for each other.
  • ?? Or part of the ideology of Romantic love?
  • 4. Why reconciliation? (suicide or accident of
    the wayward)

22
??s plot familial constraint destiny?
23
??(3) Gender Sex
  • Presentation of women (p. 76, 78)
  • Weak, in need of support (?the novel as an
    expression of female fantasies)(e.g. ?? clip--1
    24 2 29)
  • If strong, she is usu. not satisfied in love,
    stubborn and lonely. (e.g. ?? 34)

24
??(2) Gender Sex
  • Presentation of women the weak
  • e.g. (first encounter)????????????,?????????????
    ????,??????????,?????????,????????????????????????
    ?,????????????????????????????
  • (meeting on the street)?????!????????????!????????
    ??,???????????????????????????,??????????????,??,?
    ?,????
  • ??called ???

25
??(2) Gender Sex
  • Presentation of women the weak
  • e.g. ?? --?????????,????????????????????????????
    ?????,???????,????????,????,????????????,???????,?
    ?????????????????????????????????!???????????????!
    ??,?????????,????????????

26
??(2) Gender Sex
  • Presentation of women the strong who is weak
    inside
  • e.g. (after ?? creates troubles)??????????,??????
    ???,???????,??????,????????,????????,?????????????
    ???????????,?????????,?????????,??????,??????,??
    ????????,???????,?????? 
  • Presentation of Man
  • ?????,?????????,?????,??????????

27
????? Romantic Attraction (class no sex?)
  • Past ??????
  • Rich man and weak woman
  • Poetry as a means of communication (2 clips)
  • Attempts to overcome difficulties (since ?? was
    married)
  • Present
  • Rich man and weak/poor woman
  • Coffee shops (2 clips)
  • Feeble attempts to overcome difficulties

28
????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
  • Present coffee shop
  • ???????????????,????????????????????????,?????????
    ?,????,???????????????????,????????!
  • ????????????????????????????,????????????,????????
    ??????????,???????????????,???????????????

29
????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
  • Present coffee shop (2)
  • ?????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????
    ???????,???????,??,????????????????
  • ??????????,??????????????????,??????????????????
    ??

30
????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
  • Present coffee shop (3)
  • ?????????  ??  ???? 
  • ??????,??????????????????  ???,?????????? 
  • ?????????,?????????,???,????????????,??,??????????
    ,???????????

31
????? Romantic Attraction (no sex?)
  • Present coffee shop (3)
  • ????????,??????,?????????????????,??????,???????,
    ???????????????,???????????,???,??,???????????????
    ??????,??,??????????????,?????????????????????????
    ?,??????????????,???????????????

32
?? in the context of Chinese discourses on
Romantic Love
  • Unlike the revolutionary spirits of May Fourth
    period,
  • ??s women infantilized and innocent
  • -- (????? age 18)
  • -- ??high school student, in need of male
    support and family identification. (clip 22-24)
  • (? pp. 80- 81)

33
?? in the context of Chinese discourses on
Romantic Love
  • Romantic Love from the revolutionary to female
    fantasies
  • Three periods
  • Free-Choice Marriage during the May Fourth
    period a means to challenge traditional family
    structure (esp. arranged marriage) with
    revolutionary ideals
  • 30s and 40s during the war more compromised.
    (The setting of ?????)
  • 60 and 70s when ??s novels started to be
    popular. Free love and Free-choice marriage were
    not popular in Taiwan (58 among college students
    and 8 of the whole people).
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