Fascism Rises in Europe

1
Fascism Rises in Europe

• Fascism militant political movement that
  emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to
  its leader

2
Fascisms Rise in Italy

• Mussolini
• Upset over Paris Peace Conference
• Depression led to social unrest
• Democratic government seemed helpless
• Benito Mussolini promised to restore the economy
  and strengthen the armed forces
• October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched on Rome and
  demanded Mussolini be put in charge

3
Il Duces Leadership

• Il Duce (the leader)
• Abolished democracy and outlawed all political
  parties except the Fascists
• Secret police
• Government censors

4
Hitler Rises

• Twice awarded the Iron Cross in WWI
• Nazis
• Wanted to overturn the Versailles Treaty
• Miltlia, brown shirts
• Was chosen as Fuhrer or the leader
• Wanted to regain land
• Depression led citizens to Hitler

5
Hitler Becomes Chancellor

• Turned Germany into a totalitarian state
• Banned or imprisoned opponents
• The Gestapo
• Nazis took control of the economy
• Outlawed strikes
• Dissolved unions
• Government control of business and labor
• Constructed factories, built highways,
  manufactured weapons and served in the military

6
Fuhrer is Supreme

• Wanted control over every aspect of German life
• Propaganda
• Hitler Youth or League of German Girls

7
War on the Jews

• Hatred of Jews Nazi ideology
• Jews were used as scapegoats
• Violence mounted
• Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass
• Mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the
  streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish owned
  buildings
• Started process of eliminating Jews from German
  life

8
Other Countries Fall to Dictators

• Hungary in 1919, Admiral Miklos Horthy
• Poland 1926, Marshal Jozef Pilsudski
• Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romanian kings
  turned to stronger ruling