Protozoa Phyla

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Protozoa Phyla
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List of Phyla

• Amoeba-like organisms (e.g., Amoeba)
• Phylum Euglenozoa
• Subphylum Euglenida (e.g., Euglena)
• Subphylum Kinetoplasta (e.g., Trypanosoma)
• Phylum Chlorophyta (e.g., Volvox)
• Phylum Apicomplexa (e.g., Plasmodium)
• Phylum Ciliophora (e.g., Paramecium)

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General Characteristics

• Single-celled or unicellular organisms some live
  in colonies
• Size microscopic (3 to 1,000 microns).
• No germ layers, tissues, or organs
• However, specialized intracellular "organelles"
  are present

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General Characteristics

• Locomotion by pseudopodia, flagella, or cilia.
• Symmetry all types (bilateral, radial,
  spherical, or asymmetrical)
• Free living, commensal, parasitic, or mutualistic
• Mostly naked, but few have simple protective
  exoskeletons (tests). Ex. Arcella

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General Characteristics

• Nutrition autotrophic (holophytic), saprozoic,
  saprophytic, or holozoic.
• Reproduction asexual longitudinal and
  transverse binary fission, budding,
• Sexual sporogony, and autogamy

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Amoeba-like organisms
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Amoeba-like organisms

• Organisms move by pseudopodia, flagella, or a
  combination
• Monomorphic nuclei
• Genera
• Amoeba- without a test, naked
• Arcella- with a calcareous test

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Figure 11.10
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Amoeba
Pseudopod
Food Vacuole
Contractile Vacuole
Nucleus
Phagocytosis
Hyaline Cap
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Figure 11.05
Amoeba hunting food
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Arcella
Side View
Test
Pseudopod
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Arcella
Nucleus
Top View
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Phylum Euglenozoa

• Organisms move by one or two flagella
• Monomorphic nuclei
• Capable of photosynthesis chloroplasts usually
  present

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Subphylum Euglenida

• Plant like organisms
• Solitary
• Can photosynthesize

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Euglena
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Euglena
Chloroplasts
Contractile Vacuole
Flagellum not visible
Stigma
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Subphylum Kinetoplasta

• Organisms are only heterotrophic
• No chloroplasts present
• all parasitic

Red Blood Cells
Trypanosoma smear cause of sleeping sickness
Organism
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Trypanasoma
Trypanosoma organism
Red Blood Cells
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Phylum Chlorophyta

• Flagellated single or colonial organisms
• Are autotrophic
• Have chloroplasts with chlorophyll
• Genetically different from Euglenozoa

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Figure 11.20
Volvox life cycle
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Volvox
Zygote
Egg
Mother Colony
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Daughter Colonies
Mother Colony
Nuclei of individual cells
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Phylum Apicomplexa

• organisms do not have locomotor structures
• all species are parasitic
• asexual reproduction involves schizogony

Plasmodium smear cause of Malaria
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Final Host
Plasmodium agent For malaria
Vector
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Ring stage
trophozoite
merozoite
Red blood cell
Trophozooite
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Ring stage in red blood cell
Ring stage Early Trophozoite
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Schizont with merozoites in red blood cell
Red blood cell
Merozoites in the Schizont
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Female
Male
Gametocytes
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Phylum CiliophoraThe Ciliates

• Organisms move by cilia
• Usually two sizes of nuclei
• Macronucleus and micronucleus
• Reproduction usually by transverse binary fission
• but sexual reproduction by conjugation

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Paramecium
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Binary Fission Asexual Reproduction
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Conjugation sexual reproduction
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Vorticella
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Stentor