How Are Plants Grouped

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How Are Plants Grouped

• Scientists group plants by the ways in which they
  are similar or different.
• All plants are alike in one way.
• They need three things in order to survive
• Water
• carbon dioxide
• energy from sunlight
• What do you suppose the plants use these things
  for?

Classify to sort into groups based on
similarities and differences
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• They turn it into sugar!

photosynthesis a process by which plants change
light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar

• Only plants can do this!

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PhotosynthesisA movie of photosynthesis

• As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released
• When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon
  dioxide are released.

• chlorophyll the green substance found in plants
  that traps energy from the sun and gives plants
  their green color
• carbon dioxide a gas found in air

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How Do Plants Get Energy

• Plant leaves change light
• energy into energy
• the plant can use.

Stomata are tiny holes on the bottom of the leaf
that let air in and out.
Roots get water and minerals directly from the
soil.
Getting Sunlight, Water, and Air
The veins of a leaf bring water and minerals to
the leaf from the stems and roots.
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• Because of this process
• Scientists are able to classify living things by
  the way they get their food.
• Plants are producers

producer a living thing that uses sunlight to
make sugar.
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Reproduce to make more of the same kind
Plants reproduce differently
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a protective covering that surrounds the seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's food.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and
other minerals from the soil.
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What Are the Parts of a Flower
Sepal one of the leaf-like parts that protects
a flower bud and that is usually green Pistil
part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow
into seeds Stamen part of a flower that makes
pollen Pollen tiny grains that make seeds when
combined with a flowers egg

• Most flowers have four parts
• Flower parts

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How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits?Great
Plant Escape- Plant parts

• Ovary the bottom part of the pistil in which
  seeds form
• Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains
  an egg
• embryo tiny part of a seed that can grow into a
  new plant

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How Seeds Form

• After fertilization the flower
  dries up and petals fall off,
  leaving just the pistil and its
  ovary.
• The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary
  gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
• When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and
  the seeds fall out.
• Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

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How fertilization Occurs

• When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a
  thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen
  grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.

Fertilization the combination of sperm from a
pollen grain with an egg to form a seed
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How Pollination Occurs

• The butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of
  one flower to the pistil of the the same flower.
  Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the
  stamen of one flower to the pistil of another
  flower of the same kind.
• Pollen Nothing to Sneeze At

Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen
to a pistil
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Some flowering plants are
monocot seed a seed that has one seed leaf and
stored food outside the seed leaf
dicot seed a seed that has two seed leaves that
contain stored food
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What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
dormant the resting stage of a seed

• Dormant Seed
• Takes in water and the seed coat gets soft. If
  the seed has enough oxygen and the right
  temperature, it will begin to germinate.

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• Geminating Seed
• First a root pushes through the seed coat and
  grows downward.
• The top part of the root grows upward and becomes
  the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the
  seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off.
  The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two
  small leaves begin to grow from between the seed
  leaves.

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• Seedling
• When the stored food within the original seed
  leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off.
  More leaves grow from buds on the stem as the
  plant grows taller. The new leaves can trap
  energy from sunlight and make sugar. Plants use
  the energy in the
  sugar to grow.

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How Do Other Living Things Get Energy?

• All living things need energy to survive

Consumer a living thing that gets energy by
eating plants and other animals
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• Animals cannot use light energy to make sugar.
  Animals depend on plants for food.

Decomposer a consumer that puts materials from
dead plants and animals back into the soil, air,
and water
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Consider this.

• What is one way to classify all plants into two
  groups
• How do plants that do not make seeds reproduce?
• In what part of a flower are seeds made?
• How are flowers pollinated?
• How is a monocot seed different from a dicot seed?

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• What do seedlings need to grow into mature
  plants?
• How does a bean plant grow from a bean seed?
• What is the main source of energy for plants
• What do plants need to make sugar?
• How do animals herbivores, carnivores, and
  omnivores get the energy they need to survive?
• How are decomposers important?