http://universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htm

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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes
http//universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htm
http//mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/ll125/en/life-3.h
tm
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Characteristics Vascular
(tracheophytes) with true leaves
(euphyllophytes) Most release spores to the
environment from sporangia Have swimming
sperm Do NOT have seeds (distinguishing them
from the other major clade within the
euphyllophytes, the spermatophytes)
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
Polypodiales
Cyatheales
Salvinales
Osmundales
Equisitales
Psilotales
Ophioglossales
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
These primitive groups lack true roots.
Ophioglossum, Adders tongue, is very reduced,
producing one 2-part leaf (frond) a year one
part bears spores and the other
doesnt. Psilotum a whisk fern is even more
reduced lacking leaves. The sporangia are borne
on short stalks from the stem
Psilotales
Ophioglossales
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
Dimorphic fronds photosynthetic or spore
bearing, like this Cinnamon fern.
Osmundales
Horsetails are an ancient group, with fossil
representatives growing 30 ft tall. They have
reduced leaves and may have whorled branches.
Spores born in a strobilus.
Equisitales
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
Polypodiales
Cyatheales
Salvinales
The Salvinales are unusual, having adapted to an
aquatic lifestyle. These are the water ferns.
They are also unusual in have two types of spores.
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
Polypodiales
Cyatheales
Salvinales
The Cyatheales include the tree ferns an
ancient group considered to be living fossils.
The group also includes some forms that have
stems (rhizomes) that grow along the ground,
rather than vertically.
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity
Polypodiales
Cyatheales
Salvinales
The Polypodiales is the largest group of
Monilophytes, with 1200 of the 1500 monilophyte
species. They are the most advanced group,
evolving 100 mya
Photos from http//biology.byu.edu/Faculty/laj39/
bio430/Polypodiaceae_files/
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes ii.
Monilophytes - Diversity - Life Cycle
http//www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2003
/fernlifecycle.htm
http//www.science-art.com/image/?id3553search1
pagenamefern_life_cycle
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes -
Evolutionary History Evolve during the
Devonian
http//universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htm
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes - Radiate
and Diversify during the Carboniferous, with
Lycopodiophytes
http//www.wemyss.ukfossils.co.uk/Wemyss-Fossils-G
eology/geology-guide.htm
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes
Sequestration of cellulose (carbon in sediments
caused CO2 concentration to drop oxygen rose as
photosynthesis gt respiration
http//forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f20t
34345start50
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes
The unification of Pangaea during the Permian
dried the climate
http//www.texas-geology.com/Texas20Post20Triass
ic20Dinosaurs.html
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms
Giving an edge to organisms that had finally cut
ties with aquatic habitats the gymnosperms and
reptiles
http//www.search4dinosaurs.com/carr_Permian_river
side.html
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - characteristics
Seeds seeds evolved in ancestral progymnosperms
and seed ferns. Dispersal phase of life cycle
is bigger and fortified with nutrients,
increasing the probability of survival of the
diploid embryo.
Seed coat original sporophyte ovule Endosperm
haploid gametophyte Embryo new sporophyte
generation
http//botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_130/Di
versity/plants/Vascular_Plants/Coniferophyta/image
s/
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - characteristics
Pollen the male gametophyte carries sperm to the
egg no more swimming sperm and need for surface
water! (in most gymnosperms)
http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot201/c
onifers/conifer_lecture.htm
http//www.flickr.com/photos/chrisashurst/46303129
34/
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Diversity
Common Conifers Pines Spruce Fir Hemlock Cedars C
ypress Yew Larch Redwood
Conifers
http//sorokaapbio1011.blogspot.com/
Gnetales
http//dbpedia.neofonie.de/browse/rdf-typePlant/r
df-typeGnetophytes/
Ginkgo
Cycads
http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/ginkgoales
/ginkgo.html
http//www.moplants.com/blog/?p1077
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Diversity
Cycads
Still have flagellated sperm Fern-like, leathery
leaves Usually unbranched trunk Pollen produced
in cones Ovules on specialized leaves or in
cones SEEDS
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Diversity
Ginkgo
A living fossil single species of a once
diverse group. Native to China. Flagellated
sperm, pollen in cones, ovules in fruit-like
structures.
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Diversity
Gnetales
A rare group with only three families and 60
species sister group to the conifers. Sperm do
not have flagella they are transferred through
the grown of a pollen tube from the pollen to the
ovule, as in conifers.
Gnetum sp.
Welwitschia mirabilis
Ephedra mormon tea
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Diversity
Pines Yews Spruce Fir Redwoods Sequoia Cypress Hem
lock Cedar Juniper Larch
Conifers
The dominant group of gymnosperms today, with
about 600 of the 900 gymnosperm species. Both
pollen and ovules borne in cones.
Representatives include the largest and longest
lived plants on earth.
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5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i.
Lycopodiophytes ii. Monilophytes iii.
Gymnosperms - Life cycle
http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot201/c
onifers/MicroGameto240Lab.jpg
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Still dominate in harsh, dry, or cold environments
http//longleafs.info/pages/ecosystem.html
http//www.ontariossunsetcountry.ca/category.cfm/c
ode/300/tbid/1
http//friendsoftheinyo.org/cms/index.php?optionc
om_contentviewcategorylayoutblogid11Itemid
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