Plants

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Plants

• B 3.3 Seed Plants

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Seed Plants

• The seed plants generally are classified into two
  major groupsgymnosperms (JIHM nuh spurmz) and
  angiosperms (AN jee uh spurmz).
• Leaves are the organs of the plant where the
  food-making processphotosynthesisusually
  occurs.
• Most leaves have small openings in the epidermis
  called stomata (STOH muh tuh).

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Stomata
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Seed Plants

• Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that
  open and close it.
• Materials move between leaves and roots through
  the vascular tissue in the stem.
• Plant stems are either herbaceous (hur BAY shuns)
  or woody.

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Seed Plants

• Water and other substances enter a plant through
  its roots.
• Roots can store food. When you eat carrots or
  beets, you eat roots that contain stored food.
• Xylem (ZI lum) tissue is made up of hollow,
  tubular cells that are stacked one on top of the
  other to form a structure called a vessel.
• Phloem (FLOH em) is a plant tissue also made up
  of tubular cells that are stacked to form
  structures called tubes. Phloem help move food.

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Seed Plants

• Cambium (KAM bee um) is a tissue that produces
  most of the new xylem and phloem cells.
• Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce
  seeds that are not protected by fruit
• Four divisions of plantsconifers, cycads,
  ginkgoes, and gnetophytes (NE tuh fites)are
  classified as gymnosperms.
• All conifers produce two types of conesmale and
  female.

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Male Cone
Female Cone
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Seed Plants

• An angiosperm is a vascular plant that flowers
  and produces fruits with one or more seeds.
• A cotyledon is part of a seed often used for food
  storage.
• Monocots have one cotyledon inside their seeds
  and dicots have two.

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Seed Plants

• If a plant's life cycle is completed within one
  year, it is called an annual.
• Plants called biennials (bi Eh nee ulz) complete
  their life cycles within two years.
• Angiosperms that take more than two years to grow
  to maturity are called perennials.

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Perennials
Annuals
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Seed Plants

• Angiosperm
• Gymnosperm
• Xylem
• Phloem
• Cambium
• Cotyledon
• Annuals and perennials