Presents: History of Microbiology

1
PresentsHistory of Microbiology
BioSci 221

• or How a Science Develops

2
1590

• Janssen
• Principle of the microscope

3
1665

• Hooke
• Cell Biology

4
1680

• Leeuwenhoek
• Dutch merchant

5
1680

• Leeuwenhoek
• Described animalcules

6
1680

• Redi
• Attacked the concept of abiogenesis (macro)

7
1750

• Needham
• Set back the concept of omne vivum ex vivo

8
1774

• Spallanzani
• vital force

9
1776

• Spallanzani
• Hermetically sealed flasks excluded oxygen

10
1836

• Schulze
• Use of acids bases

11
1837

• Schwann
• Use of heat

12
1850-1875

• Pasteur
• A chemist

13
1850-1875

• Pasteur
• Disproved abiogenesis (micro)

14
1850-1875

• Pasteur
• Proved microorganisms as causative agents in
  putrefaction and fermentation

15
1850 - 1875

• Koch
• Established isolation techniques

16
1850 - 1875

• Koch
• Proved the nature of a specific organism for a
  specific disease (Henles postulates)

17
1850 - 1875

• Koch
• Proved germ theory

18
1875-1915

• Golden Age continues

19
1875-1915

• Golden Age continues
• Winogradsky
• Soil

20
1875-1915

• Golden Age continues
• Soxhlet
• Dairy

21
1875-1915

• Golden Age continues
• Burrill
• Plant pathology

22
1875-1915

• Golden Age continues
• Iwanoski
• Virology

23
1928

• Fleming
• Discovered Penicillin

24
1928

• Griffith
• Transformation

25
1932

• Domagk
• Sulfa drugs

26
1936

• Stanley
• Crystallized a virus

27
1938

• Molecular Biology

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1942

• Beadle Tatum
• One gene, one enzyme

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1943

• Electron Microscope

30
1944

• Avery
• Molecular genetics

31
1944

• Avery
• DNA heredity

32
1945

• Chain Florey
• Discovered effects use of penicillin

33
1946

• Lederberg
• Bacterial genetics

34
1950

• Enders
• Growth of viruses

35
1953

• The War of the Worlds

Microbiology saves the world!
In the end, the Martians are defeated not by
science or the military, but by bacteria - or to
quote H.G. Wells, "the humblest things that God
in his wisdom has put upon the earth."
(Photo Source amazon.com)
36
1955

• Salk
• Polio vaccine

37
1955

• Watson Crick
• Double helix(DNA structure)

38
1960

• Porter
• Immuno-chemistry

39
1960

• Porter
• Elucidation of antibody molecules

40
1968

• Niremberg
• Synthesized a polypeptide

41
1970

• Khorana
• Synthesized a gene

42
1970

• Functional aspects of a recombinant gene

43
1970

• Isolation of restriction endonucleases

44
1972

• Berg
• Recombinant DNA

45
1975

• Baltimore
• Identification of reverse transcriptase

46
1976

• Sanger
• Rapid sequencing of bases in synthetic DNA
  production

47
1977

• Gilbert
• Synthesis of useful non-bacterial proteins
  (insulin interferon) by bacteria

48
1980

• AIDS
• Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome

49
1983

• Eli Lily Co.
• Marketing of human insulin based on recombinant
  DNA, biotechnology market

50
1987

• Tonegawa
• Genetic principle of antibody diversity

51
1989

• Bishop Varmus
• Genetic basis of cancer

52
1990

• Anderson Blaese (NIH)
• First approved gene therapy experiment

53
1996

• Ho
• Cocktail therapy for AIDS

54
1997-1999

• Attack of the Clones

Hello Dolly... and Polly...               
and Molly... and Bonnie. (Photo
Source AP)
55
21st Century

• Human Genome Project
• Results
• Genomics
• Proteomics