Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Social Psychology by Tom Giliovich, Dacher Keltner, and Richard Nisbett Characterizing Intergroup Bias ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination


1
Chapter 11 Stereotyping, Prejudice, and
Discrimination
  • Social Psychology by Tom Giliovich, Dacher
    Keltner, and Richard Nisbett

2
Characterizing Intergroup Bias
  • Stereotypes - beliefs about attributes that are
    thought to be characteristic of members of
    particular groups
  • Prejudice - a negative attitude or affective
    response toward a certain group and its
    individual members
  • Discrimination - unfair treatment of members of a
    particular group based on their membership in
    that group

3
Sources of Prejudice
  • Social Sources
  • Unequal Status
  • Social Identity
  • Cognitive Sources
  • Stereotypes
  • Perceived Similarities and Differences
  • Illusory Correlation

4
Social Sources of Prejudice
  • Unequal Status
  • realistic conflict theory - direct competition
    between groups over valued resources (jobs,
    schools)
  • Robbers Cave Experiment
  • Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

5
Racial Violence and Economic Conditions
6
Frustration During Exercise
Back
7
Social Sources of Prejudice
  • Social Identity
  • social categorization- divide world into in-group
    (us) and out-group (them)
  • in-group bias- view own group more favorably
  • Bele You're finished Lokai. Oh, we got your kind
    penned in on Cheron in a little district. And
    it's not going to change. You half-white.Lokai
    You half-black.

8
In-Group Bias from Exercise
9
Cognitive Sources of Prejudice
  • prejudice is by-product of our thinking
    processes
  • stereotypes- sweeping generalizations of social
    groups
  • influence social thought by
  • process information consistent with stereotype
    quicker
  • focus on information consistent with stereotype
  • use tacit inferences to make inconsistent
    information appear consistent

10
Cognitive Sources of Prejudice
  • out-group homogeneity
  • out-group members seen as more alike
  • in-group differentiation
  • in-group members seen as more diverse
    (heterogeneous)
  • illusory correlations
  • overestimating rates of negative behavior in
    minority groups

11
Out-Group Homogeneity
12
Discrimination
  • Discrimination- negative behaviors directed
    toward members of some social group
  • subtle forms
  • tokenism- perform trivial actions for minorities
  • reverse discrimination- leaning over backwards to
    treat targets of prejudice favorably
  • modern racism

13
Characterizing Intergroup Bias
  • 1. Modern Racism and Sexism
  • Modern racism - prejudice directed at other
    racial groups that exists alongside a rejection
    of explicitly racist beliefs
  • a. Benevolent Racism and Sexism

14
Characterizing Intergroup Bias
  • 2. Measures to Assess True Attitudes
  • a. Implicit Association Test (IAT)
  • technique for revealing unconscious prejudices
    toward particular groups
  • b. Priming and Implicit Prejudice
  • Priming - procedure used to increase the
    accessibility of a concept or schema (for
    example, a stereotype)

15
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16
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17
Implicit Attitudes
  • Are automatically activated evaluations outside
    of a persons awareness (unconscious)
  • Formed slowly through experience
  • Very resistant to extinction
  • Changing implicit attitudes
  • Can be changed without subjects conscious
    awareness
  • Prime subjects with counterstereotypes

18
Being a Member of a Stigmatized Group
  • 1. Attributional Ambiguity
  • 2. Stereotype Threat
  • - fear that one will confirm the stereotypes
    that others have regarding some salient group of
    which one is a member

19
Reducing Prejudice
  • Social Learning
  • teach parents to socialize children to be
    tolerant
  • Increase intergroup contact
  • contact must involve cooperation and
    interdependence
  • norms favoring group equality must exist
  • focus on individual-based (vs. category)
    processing
  • Extended Contact Hypothesis
  • knowing that members of in-group have formed
    friendships with out-group members may reduce
    prejudice

20
Reducing Prejudice (cont)
  • Have groups work on superordinate goals
  • Focus on similarities between in-group and
    nonthreatening out-group
  • Recategorization
  • reset boundaries between us and them, so
    former out-group is now included in in-group
  • Focus on others specific traits and outcomes
    (attribute-driven processing) rather than on
    group stereotypes (category-driven processing)

21
Study Smarter Student Website
  • http//www.wwnorton.com/socialpsych
  • Chapter Reviews
  • Diagnostic Quizzes
  • Vocabulary Flashcards
  • Apply It! Exercises
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