Equality of Opportunity and Dealing with Discrimination

1
Chapter 16 17

• Equality of Opportunity and Dealing with
  Discrimination

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Meaning of Diversity

• The variation of social and cultural identities
  among ppl existing together in a defined
  employment or marketing system
• Differences in gender, race, culture, social,
  physical, physiological traits etc
• Source of creativity and innovation
• Cause of conflict

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Cont..

• Problem of in-groups- lack of opportunity for
  minorities
• Discrimination
• expression of power
• Competitive advantage
• requires diversity
• Prejudice
• deep psychological basis

4
Society and Opportunity

• Society decides who is given opportunities thru
  discrimination
• Particularism-discrimination favouring particular
  groups
• Gender, race, age, appearance etc
• Types of discrimination
• Direct-explicit, obvious
• Indirect-not as obvious
• Nepotism-hire family members

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Legislation

• Employment Equity Act
• Affirmative Action
• Black Economic Empowerment

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Diversity and Organizations

• Human capital
• Discrimination is irrational limits resource
  value of HRM- hard approach
• Social justice
• Discrimination is morally and ethically
  wrong-soft approach

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Benefits include

• Enrichment of ideas
• Creative solutions
• Moost talented ppl hired
• Fair, good enviro-affective commitment
• Improve motivation

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Occupational segregation

• Disproportionate representation of particular
  groups in specific sectors, jobs, levels etc.
  vertical and horizontal segregation.
• Equal chance
• Equal access
• Equal share

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Strategies for Diversity

• Equal opportunity policies
• Management of diversity
• Value difference in ppl,focus on indvls, reduce
  cloning in orgs
• Risk of tokenism-hire someone just to fill quotas
• Monitoring-laws
• Senior management attitudes

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Gender/Sexual Discrimination

• The glass ceiling-women barred from promotions
  thru invisible barriers
• Occupational segregation
• Gender differences
• Sexual stereotyping
• Sexual harrasment

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Sexual Harassment

• Difficult management problem
• Jokes and innuendos
• Real man syndrome
• Legal definitions
• Quid pro quo
• Hostile environment

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Ethnic Diversity

• Racism a complex issue
• New racism
• Negative schemas
• Unfair selection
• Pre-labour market inequality
• Financial impact

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Race and Performance

• Apparent underperformance
• Biased perception
• Subconscious stereotyping
• In- and out-groups
• Self-limiting behaviour
• Institutional racism

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Ageism

• Major economic issue
• Demographic time bomb
• Pension funding problem
• Increasing legislation
• Mandatory retirement?

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Types of Older Workers

• Warhorses
• Trusted guides
• Networkers
• Strategists
• Connectors

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Value of Older Workers

• More reliable/conscientious
• More loyal/committed
• Greater interpersonal skills
• Work harder
• Work more effectively
• Equal productivity