Nouns

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Nouns
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What is a noun?

• Person Mom, Dad, Christy, Ed, girl, boy
• Place London, Louisville, home, school
• Thing bike, desk, car, homework
• Idea freedom, courage, inspiration

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Common Nouns

• Every day nouns that are not capitalized

• dog
• cat
• desk
• house
• chair
• car
• book
• history

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Proper Nouns

• Names a specific person, place, or thing

• Mrs. Smith
• London
• Asia
• Africa
• Pontiac Grand Prix
• December
• Thanksgiving
• Civil War

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Concrete or Abstract Nouns

• Concrete anything that appeals to the senses
  person, place, thing
• Abstract cannot be sensed, it is hard to
  understand (like abstract art) idea

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Collective Nouns

• A collective noun is a singular noun that refers
  to many things.

• Herd
• Class
• Senate
• Congress

• Choir
• School
• Team

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SINGULAR NOUNS

• Singular nouns refer to ONE item.
• Singular nouns need singular verbs (singular
  verbs end with s.)
• Most singular nouns do not end in S.
• Some singular nouns do end in S, like scissors.

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Example Singular Nouns

• The tree is tall.
• Subject singular tree
• Verb singular is
• The fish swims in circles.
• Subject singular fish
• Verb singular swims

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Plural Nouns

• Plural nouns refer to more than one item.
• Plural nouns need plural verbs (plural verbs do
  not end with S.)
• Most plural nouns end with S. Some plural
  nouns are irregular (women, men, children, mice)

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Ways to Make Nouns Plural

• If it is a normal noun, just add S.
• If the noun ends in S, X, Z, CH, or SH add
  ES.
• If it ends with a consonant then Y, change the
  Y to I and add ES.

• desk desks
• bench benches
• country countries
  
  

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Ways to Make Nouns Plural

• If the noun ends with a vowel plus Y, just add
  S.
• If the noun ends with a vowel plus O, just add
  S.
• If the noun ends with a consonant and O, add
  ES.

• holiday holidays
• rodeo rodeos
• tomato tomatoes

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Ways to Make Nouns Plural

• Some nouns are irregular. They do not follow a
  rule.
• Some nouns are the same in the singular and
  plural.
• Numbers and letters add apostrophe S.

• woman women
• man men
• deer, moose,sheep
• As, 5s

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Example Plural Nouns

• The trees are tall.
• Subject plural trees
• Verb plural are
• The fish swim in circles.
• Subject plural fish
• Verb plural swim
• The children learn a lot at school.
• Subject plural children
• Verb plural learn

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Possessive Nouns

• Possessive nouns show ownership.

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How to Make a Noun Possessive

• If it is a singular noun, add apostrophe and S.
• If it is a plural noun that does not end with
  S, add apostrophe and S.
• If it is a plural noun ending with S, just add
  apostrophe.

• Class classs
• Children childrens
• Classes classes

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Compound Nouns

• Two or more words combined to make one word.
• They can be spelled as one word.
• They can be spelled as two separate words.
• They can be hyphenated words.

• Paintbrush
• Dog house
• Mother-in-law

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Plural Compound Nouns

• To make a compound noun plural, add the
  appropriate ending to the word you want to make
  plural.
• For example you may have more than one
  brother-in-law so it will be brothers-in-law.
  The laws are not plural.

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The Jobs of Nouns

• Subject
• Predicate Noun
• Direct Object
• Indirect Object
• Object of Preposition

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Subject

• The main idea of the sentence.

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Example Subject

• My favorite place to visit is London.
• Subject place

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Predicate Noun

• Noun or pronoun
• Renames or defines the subject
• After a linking verb

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Example P.N.

• My favorite place to visit is London.
• P.N. London

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Direct Object

• Noun or pronoun
• Follows an action verb
• Answers the questions What? or Whom?
• YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

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Example D.O.

• He played the piano nicely.
• D.O. piano

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Indirect Object

• Noun or pronoun
• Follows an action verb
• Comes before a direct object
• Answers the questions To Whom?, To What?, For
  Whom?, or For What?
• YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

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Example I.O.

• She gave him an ice cream cone.
• D.O. cone
• I.O. him

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Object of Preposition

• Noun or pronoun
• Follows a preposition
• Completes a prepositional phrase

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Example O.P.

• She sat in the car for a long time.
• 1. Preposition in
• 1. Prepositional phrase in the car
• 1. O.P. car
• 2. Preposition for
• 2. Prepositional phrase for a long time
• 2. O.P. time

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Review Jobs of Nouns

• Subject
• Predicate Noun
• Direct Object
• Indirect Object
• Object of Preposition

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O.P. or Appositive

• An object of the preposition follows a
  preposition. Ex. We wrote about our teacher.
  Teacher is the object of the preposition about.
  
• An appositive is set off with commas and defines
  a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. Berger, our
  teacher, is awesome. Teacher is the appositive
  that define Ms. Berger.