Client Advice on First Aid

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Client Advice on First Aid

• Dr. Carolyn Sommerfeldt
• and
• Dr. Tracy Walsh

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ABC Yeah You Know Me

• Airway
• 1. Pull tongue out of mouth
• 2. Neck should be straight, with the head
  in-line with the neck
• 3. Attempt 2 rescue breaths
• Close mouth
• Perform mouth-to-nose ventilation
• If they go in, continue to B
• 4. Reposition neck and repeat step 3
• 5. Visual inspection of airway
• May remove foreign objects that are visible
• 6. Proceed to heimlich maneuver

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A Airway

• Heimlich Maneuver Options
• Upside down method
• 1. Turn animal upside down, back against handlers
  chest
• 2. Use both arms to give 5 sharp thrusts to the
  abdomen
• 3. Stop, check airway for object
• Remove
• Give 2 mouth-nose rescue breaths
• If do not go in, go back to step 1
• Lying down method
• 1. Place dog on side
• 2. Use both hands, palms down
• 3. Make quick thrusts just below last rib
• Shaking method
• 1. Lift dog, while supporting back and shoulders
• 2. Hold hind legs and shake up and down
• Standing up method
• 1. Grasp both sides of body just behind last rib
• 2. Squeeze with short thrusts

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B Breathing

• Breathing
• 1. Pull tongue out of mouth
• 2. Neck should be straight, with the head
  in-line with the neck
• 3. Ventilate animal
• Close mouth
• Perform mouth-to-nose ventilation
• If breaths do not go in with ease, return to A
• 4. Ventilate at 20 breaths per minute
• 5. Proceed to C, keeping an eye on respiratory
  support

5
C Circulation

• Circulation
• 1. Check for bleeding
• No major pooling/spurting of blood
• Control as necessary
• 2. Lay animal on right side
• 3. Placement of hands
• On chest at level of left elbow
• Approximately middle of rib-cage
• 4. Rate
• Compress chest 15 times followed by 2 rescue
  breaths (3 compressions every 2 seconds)
• Depth
• ½ small dogs
• 1 medium dogs
• 1 ½ large dogs
• 5. Repeat as necessary

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Mums the Word

• Reasons to muzzle
• Injured
• Painful
• Sick
• Scared
• Aggressive
• When not to muzzle
• Vomiting
• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing

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Muzzles

• To make a homemade muzzle
• 1. Use 18 inches of material
• Gauze
• Stocking
• Necktie
• Sock
• Soft rope
• Cloth
• 2. Place knot in the middle to anchor
• 3. Make a large loop that will drop over the
  nose of the animal

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Muzzles

• 4. Tighten loop down being careful to not
  interfere with breathing
• 5. Pull material down each side of face,
  criss-cross under chin, and bring ends back
  behind the ears
• 6. Tie loose ends behind the ears

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Burn Baby Burn

• Burns are classified based on severity.
• Causes
• Jumping on a hot stove (usually a cat)
• Too close to an open flame (again the cat)
• Caught in a house fire
• Animal abuse
• Hot water
• Heating pads or hair dryers
• Chemicals

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Burns

• Signs
• Areas look charred
• Redness
• Tenderness
• Swelling

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Burns

• First Aid
• One body part affected
• Immerse animal in cool water for 10 minutes
• Decrease pain
• Decrease heat penetration
• Multiple body parts affected
• Run cool water directly over areas
• Apply cool compress

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Burns

• Wrap affected areas with clean moist cloth to
  protect site
• DO NOT apply to burns
• Ointments
• Butter
• Petroleum jelly
• Take animal to vet

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The Heat is On

• Definition condition in which animal collapses
  because of environmental temperature and humidity
  have increased beyond the point at which
  body-control mechanism can maintain normal body
  temperature.
• Causes
• Pets left in a parked car
• Inadequate outdoor housing
• Excessive exercise in hot weather
• Other predispositions

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Heat Stroke

• Signs
• Excessive panting or difficulty breathing
• Body temperature 104 F
• Collapse
• Bloody diarrhea and vomiting
• Increase heart and respiratory rate
• Mucous membranes redder than normal
• Capillary refill quicker than normal
• Salivation
• Depression, stupor, seizures, coma

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Heat Stroke

• First Aid
• Remove pet from direct heat
• Take temperature
• Cooling process can include
• Spray with cool water for 1-2 minutes, retake
  temperature
• Place water soaked towels on head, neck, chest,
  and abdomen
• Place in front of fan
• Take animal to vet
• Goal
• Decrease temperature to 104 F in first 5-15
  minutes
• Stop cooling once 104 F is reached

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Brrr, Its Cold in Here

• Definition drastic decrease in body temperature
• Causes
• Underlying illness
• Unable to regulate body temperature
• Caught in bad weather or without shelter
• Shock

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Hypothermia

• Signs
• Weak pulse
• Decreased heart rate
• Pupils may be dilated
• Shivering
• Pale or blue mucous membranes
• Body temperature below 95 F
• Stupor, unconsciousness, or coma

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Hypothermia

• First Aid
• Remove from cold
• Check ABCs of CPR
• Place warm water bottles next to animal
• Take animal to vet

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Jack Frost Nipping at My Nose

• Definition caused by freezing of body part or
  exposed skin tissue damage when exposed to
  excessively low temperature.
• Signs
• Discoloration
• Early stages pale or blue
• Later stages black and dead
• Lack of pain or sensation at affected area
• Pain may occur during warming

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Frostbite

• Most commonly affected areas
• Tail
• Tips of ears
• Pads of feet
• Scrotum
• First Aid
• Take animal out of cold
• Warming process may include
• Spray affected area with warm water
• Apply warm water compress to area
• Take animal to vet

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References

• Bush, Barr. First Aid for Pet. London A C
  Black, 1984.
• Dallas, Sue. Manual of Veterinary Care. United
  Kingdom British Small Animal Veterinary
  Association.
• Mammato, Bobbie DVM, MPH. Pet First Aid.
  Missouri Mosby, 1997.
• members.aol.com/henryhblc
• www.bayareapug.com/BAPS/medical/CPR.htm

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The Man Hunting Deer Camp