Plant

1
Plant

• Structure and Function

2
Angiosperm structure

• Root system depends on shoot for organic
  molecules
• Shoot system depends on root for water and
  nutrients
• Organ vs. tissue

3
Plant tissues

• Nonwoody plants Epidermis
• Wood plants Periderm replaces epidermis
• Water/nutrient absorption vs. cuticle
• Root and stem vascular tissue stele
• Ground tissue INTERNAL to vascular pith
• Ground tissue EXTERNAL to vascular cortex
• Protoplast Cell contents EXCLUDING the cell wall

4
Plant tissues
5
Plant tissues
6
For your assigned organ, either list examples of
form follows function OR describe the basic
structure of it (including tissues and difference
between monocot and eudicot). Be prepared to
explain

• 5 Leaf structure (688)
• 6- Stem structure (687)
• 7 - Root structure (685)

• 1 Leaf form follows function
• 2 Stem form follows function
• 3 Root form follows function

7
Plant growth

• Indeterminate vs. determinate growth
• Annuals vs. biennials vs. perennials
• Apical meristems ? primary growth
• Lateral meristems ? secondary growth
• When does growth happen?

8
Plant structure
9
Plant growth
10
Secondary growth
11
Plant concept map

• Start your concept map with the following
  categories
• Think carefully how you want to integrate the
  diagrams. They can be hand drawn or cut out from
  the internet. Many terms can be used to label
  diagram (still need to be connected to 2 other
  terms with connecting phrase)
• Over the weekend, write out terms, and begin
  finding connections between terms

Plant Reproduction Structure
Regulation transport
12
Water potential review
13
Transport regulation Root pressure

• Aquaporins Increase the RATE of osmosis
• Cell membrane vs. vacuolar membrane (tonoplast)
• Symplast vs. apoplast

14
Root pressure

• Diffusion is only efficient over VERY small
  distances (less than 100 µm)
• Bulk flow (driven by pressure)
• Pathway of water and minerals
• Guttation

Root pressure can only push water up 2-3 m. What
mechanism delivers water to the top of a Redwood
tree?

• Increasing SA Root hairs and mycorrhizae

15
Transpiration

• Push ( ?) or pull (- ?)?
• ? outside leaf lt ? inside leaf
• Direction of water vapor?

• TRANSPIRATION!

How could this allow water to move upward? Film
lining air spaces curves as vapor leaves ? radius
? ? ?
16
Transpiration-Cohesion

• Water pulled toward airspace film, which pulls on
  COLUMN of water molecules (cohesion and adhesion)

17
Transpiration lab instructions

• Place plant into tubing UNDER water. Check to
  ensure there are no air bubbles. Use petroleum
  jelly to seal
• Prediction, interpretation of conditions
• Why change units to mL/m2?
• Mark which data must be filled in

18
Stomatal opening/closing

• Photosynthesis/transpiration compromise
• Sunny, warm, windy days increase evaporation,
  why?
• Adaptations to water loss Cuticle, biochemical
  pathways (xerophytes)

19

• Light Stimulates membrane proton pumps?K
  accumulation? Osmosis makes guard cells turgid?
  Stomata open
• Depletion of CO2? stomata open
• Circadian rhythm,

20
Phloem movement
21
Plant reproduction
22
Plant reproduction
23
Double fertilization

• 1 sperm ? egg (zygote- 2n)
• 1 sperm ? 2 polar nuclei (3n) ? endosperm

24
Embryo development
25
Seed structure

• Ovule ? seed
• Ovary ? fruit (controlled by hormones)
• Simple (peach, pea pod, nut) vs. aggregate
  (raspberry) vs. multiple (pineapple)

26
Seed germination
27
Phototropism experiments
28
Phototropism experiment (Went)Extracted the
chemical messenger (auxin)
29
Plant hormones

• Know table on pg. 794. Auxin, cytokinins,
  gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene