Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have

1
Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have

• nuclei.
• organelles.
• cell walls.
• cell membranes.

2
If a cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles, it is

• multicellular.
• heterotrophic.
• an animal cell.
• eukaryotic.

3
An animal is each of the following EXCEPT

• multicellular.
• autotrophic.
• heterotrophic.
• eukaryotic.

4
Only 5 percent of all animals have

• eukaryotic cells.
• a protostome development pattern.
• vertebral columns.
• cell membranes.

5
Aquatic animals that strain floating plants and
animals from the water they take in are

• parasites.
• herbivores.
• detritus feeders.
• filter feeders.

6
Many small aquatic organisms move oxygen and
carbon dioxide through their skin by the process
of

• diffusion.
• extracellular digestion.
• cephalization.
• muscular contractions.

7
When an animals environment changes, sexual
reproduction improves a species ability to

• react.
• increase its numbers rapidly.
• evolve.
• produce genetically identical offspring.

8
Muscle tissue exerts force by becoming

• cooler.
• warmer.
• longer.
• shorter.

9
A parasite is a type of

• algae.
• vertebrate.
• symbiont.
• detritivore.

10
The upper side of an organism is its

• dorsal side.
• ventral side.
• anterior side.
• posterior side.

11
An animal that has distinct left and right sides
shows

• radial symmetry.
• segmentation.
• several planes of symmetry.
• bilateral symmetry.

12
A blastula is a stage in the development of an
embryo that consists of

• a solid ball of cells.
• a hollow ball of cells.
• a flat sheet of cells.
• a folded sheet of cells.

13
Which of the three cell layers in animal embryos
gives rise to muscles and much of the
circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems?

• endoderm
• ectoderm
• mesoderm
• protostome

14
Organisms that spend their entire adult lives
attached to one spot are said to be

• sessile.
• heterotrophic.
• flagellated.
• symmetric.

15
Which term is NOT associated with sponges?

• choanocytes
• medusa
• spicules
• gemmules

16
Some biologists believe that sponges evolved

• from hydras.
• independently of all other animals.
• from seed plants.
• as the result of asexual reproduction.

17
Sponges reproduce sexually by a process called

• cephalization.
• internal fertilization.
• radial symmetry.
• budding.

18
Many sponges protect themselves from predators by
producing

• larvae.
• choanocytes.
• nematocysts.
• toxins.

19
Which of the following best describes the feeding
habits of sponges?

• predators
• filter feeders
• parasites
• detritivores

20
The benefit of a sponges producing gemmules is
that gemmules

• are a form of sexual reproduction.
• allow the sponge to survive long periods of harsh
  conditions.
• defend the sponge against predators.
• help to filter food for the sponge.

21
Flagella are important to the essential functions
within a sponge because flagella

• protect the organism from predators.
• digest food particles trapped within the
  organism.
• help move water through the organisms body.
• produce toxins that make them poisonous to
  predators.

22
Some sponges are green because they

• are more like plants than animals.
• filter algae out of the water for food.
• have photosynthetic organisms in their tissues.
• are primary producers.

23
The cross-shaped spicules of some sponges serve to

• keep animals out of their central cavities.
• focus and direct incoming sunlight.
• attract symbiotic organisms.
• perform photosynthesis.

24
Sponges benefit some marine animals by

• providing a habitat.
• eating diseased corals.
• poisoning their predators.
• supplying them with oxygen.

25
How do some sponges play an important role in the
primary productivity of coral reefs?

• They provide food for sponge-eating sea stars.
• They attract light with their antennae.
• They are harvested for sale as bath sponges.
• They have symbiotic relationships with
  photosynthetic organisms.

26
Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by

• storing food.
• forming colonies.
• paralyzing prey.
• providing movement.

27
Which are the simplest animals to have body
symmetry?

• sponges
• algae
• cnidarians
• nematocysts

28
Which two functions do nematocysts perform?

• reproduction and defense
• capturing prey and locomotion
• defense and capturing prey
• locomotion and reproduction

29
A characteristic of cnidarians is that they are

• found only in warm, tropical waters.
• carnivorous animals.
• named for their body symmetry.
• all of the above

30
Cnidarians have two basic body types, a medusa
and a(an)

• larva.
• tentacle.
• polyp.
• osculum.

31
The body symmetry of a cnidarian is

• radial in the medusa stage and bilateral in the
  polyp stage.
• radial in both the medusa and polyp stages.
• bilateral in both the medusa and polyp stages.
• bilateral in the medusa stage and radial in the
  polyp stage.

32
In a hydra, the gastroderm and the epidermis are
separated by a jellylike

• mesoglea.
• medusa.
• mesoderm.
• body cavity.

33
How do polyps differ from medusas?

• Polyps have a mesoglea, and medusas do not.
• Medusas are cylindrical and usually sessile, and
  polyps are bell-shaped and motile.
• Medusas are carnivorous, and polyps are not.
• Polyps are cylindrical and usually sessile, and
  medusas are bell-shaped and motile.

34
The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)

• brain.
• ocelli.
• hydrostatic skeleton.
• nerve net.

35
In a cnidarian, cells that sense gravity are

• statocysts.
• ocelli.
• cnidocytes.
• amoebocytes.

36
In jellyfishes, the medusa stage reproduces

• asexually.
• sexually.
• by budding.
• by gemmules.

37
A cnidarians inner layer of tissue is
specialized for

• reproduction.
• capturing prey.
• digestion.
• all of the above

38
The class Scyphozoa contains

• jellyfishes.
• hydras.
• corals.
• sea anemones.

39
Cnidarians in the class Anthozoa are
distinguished by

• having only colonial species.
• having only a polyp form.
• reproducing only sexually.
• obtaining food only from symbionts.

40
What is the primary body form of scyphozoans?

• bud
• polyp
• medusa
• gemmule

41
The Portuguese man-of-war is a member of what
class of cnidarians?

• Hydrozoa
• Scyphozoa
• Anthozoa
• Porifera

42
Coral reefs occur in areas where there are

• high levels of sediments.
• very deep waters.
• high levels of light.
• very cool waters.

43
Many corals can live only in bright light because
they depend on

• parasites for oxygen.
• detritivores for carbon dioxide.
• filter-feeders for protection.
• symbionts for energy.

44
Coral bleaching is a serious ecological threat
because it

• destroys the beauty of a coral reef.
• causes corals to die.
• pollutes the water.
• causes corals to overpopulate the area.

45
How can an extremely diverse coral reef live in
water that contains few nutrients?

• Corals obtain nutrients from the runoff from
  land.
• Reef-building corals live symbiotically with
  photosynthetic algae.
• Corals recycle nutrients.
• Fishes maintain the ecological balance of coral
  reefs.

46
All the members of Kingdom Animalia are
heterotrophs. _________________________

• True
• False

47
Worms and insects are both vertebrates.
_________________________

• True
• False

48
Many small aquatic animals rely on diffusion to
transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
among their cells. _________________________

• True
• False

49
In a protostome, the blastopore becomes the
mouth. _________________________

• True
• False

50
Sponges are motile, meaning they live their
entire adult lives attached to a single spot.
_________________________

• True
• False

51
In a sponge, some functions are carried out by
specialized tissues. _________________________

• True
• False

52
Cells called gemmules move water currents through
a sponge. ______________________________

• True
• False

53
Sponges are important in marine ecology because
they provide habitats for some marine animals.
_________________________

• True
• False

54
Sponges have a light-focusing adaptation that
allows them to survive in a wide range of
habitats. _________________________

• True
• False

55
Choanocytes containing nematocysts are a
characteristic associated only with cnidarians.
_________________________

• True
• False

56
Cnidarians have a central mouth surrounded by
numerous tentacles. _________________________

• True
• False

57
Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are
motile. _________________________

• True
• False

58
A sea anemone moves its body by using a
statocystic skeleton. _________________________

• True
• False

59
In the Portuguese man-of-war, a single tentacle
acts as a balloonlike float. _____________________
____

• True
• False

60
Fertilizers and industrial pollutants can poison
coral reefs. _________________________

• True
• False

61
Participant Scores
62
Animals that do not have backbones are called
____________________.
63
Large animals have a(an) ____________________
system to move materials around in their bodies.
64
Sexual reproduction helps maintain
____________________ diversity in populations.
65
The front end of an organism is the
____________________ end.
66
The specialized cells that move about within the
walls of a sponge are called ____________________.
67
Sponges that are used for bathing contain a
network of flexible protein fibers called
____________________.
68
____________________ and archaeocytes are cells
that digest food in sponges.
69
Photosynthetic symbiotic organisms provide many
sponges with food and ____________________.
70
Cnidarians have stinging tentacles around their
____________________.
71
The life cycle of most cnidarians includes
medusas and ____________________.
72
The internal space of a cnidarian is called a(an)
______________________________.
73
In a jellyfish, the ____________________ stage
reproduces asexually.
74
Cnidarians have a(an) ____________________ that
enables them to respond to touch by pulling their
tentacles inside their bodies.
75
The class of cnidarians that includes sea
anemones and corals is called ____________________
.
76
Symbionts provide as much as 60 percent of the
____________________ that reef-building corals
need.
77
What two fundamental characteristics distinguish
animals from plants?
78
Why dont small aquatic animals need a
circulatory system?
79
What is bilateral symmetry?
80
What is an advantage to having sense organs and
nerve cells concentrated at the anterior end of
the body?
81
Why are sponges classified as animals?
82
What structures provide support for sponges?
83
Describe how a sponge obtains food and discards
waste.
84
How might sediments from farming affect the
corals that live in coral reefs?
85
What body form is typical of the scyphozoans?
Describe this body form
86
What are the body forms included in the life
cycle of Aurelia? How do they reproduce in each
form?
87
Where does extracellular digestion take place in
cnidarians?
88
Describe the polyp body form of cnidarians.
89
How are coral reefs formed?
90
Why do hard corals require light?
91
How are reef-building corals sensitive to
increasing water temperatures?
92
Worms, insects, birds, and dogs are all grouped
together in the Kingdom Animalia. Why do
scientists place such diverse organisms in the
same group?
93
Describe the characteristic of bilateral symmetry
in animals. How does this body plan help an
animal carry out essential functions?
94
Describe several advantages that an animal
receives from having a body cavity.
95
How do sponges differ from other animals?
96
In sponges, how does asexual reproduction by
budding differ from gemmule production?
97
From what you know about the life functions of
sponges, describe how the pollution of ocean
waters with sediments and chemicals might affect
them.
98
Differentiate between a cnidocyte and a
nematocyst. Why are these structures important to
cnidarians?
99
Describe the feeding behavior of cnidarians.
100
Identify the three classes of phylum Cnidaria.
Describe which one major characteristic of each
class.
101
Use examples to describe the vulnerability of
coral reefs to human activity.