Bellringer

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Bellringer
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• What are three differences between prokaryotic
  and eukaryotic cells?
• Write your answer in your science journal.

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What You Will Learn
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• Eukaryotic cells have many parts--such as cell
  membranes, a nucleus, and ribosomes--in common.
• Plant cells and animal cells have some cell parts
  that are different.

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Cell Wall
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• Eukaryotic cells have many organelles in common
  to carry out important functions.
• Plants are eukaryotes that have some structures
  and organelles not seen in animal cells.
• Plant cells have a rigid structure that surrounds
  the cell membrane called the cell wall. Animal
  cells lack a cell wall.

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Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4
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Cell Membrane
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• All cells have a cell membrane made up of
  proteins and phospholipids.
• A phospholipid has a water-loving, or
  hydrophillic, head
• it also has a water-fearing, or hydrophobic,
  tail.
• The phospholipids form a two-layer protective
  membrane.

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Cell Membrane, continued
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• The two-layer membrane makes it difficult for
  materials to pass into or out of the cell.
• Some materials, like nutrients and wastes, move
  through the membrane using protein passageways
  within the membrane.
• Controls what leaves and enters the cell

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Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4
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Cytoskeleton
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• is a web of proteins in the cytoplasm of some
  cells.
• It plays a key role in cell movement, shape, and
  division.
• Different cells have different shapes because of
  their cytoskeletons.

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Nucleus Control center
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
• contains the cells DNA.
• The DNA provides messages for making proteins.
• Contains chromosomes which are important to cell
  division
• Contains the nucleolus Little Nucleus

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Nucleolus
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells

• little nucleus
• Produces ribosome's which are the protein
  factories

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Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4
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Ribosomes Protein Factories
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• Proteins are the building blocks of cells
• Ribosome's on the ER produce proteins for use
  outside of the cell
• Ribosome's in cytoplasm produce protein for use
  inside of cell
• Contains RNA that carries code from DNA to parts
  outside of nucleus
• Unlike most organelles, ribosomes are not covered
  by a membrane.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• ER, is a system of folded membranes in which
  proteins, lipids, and other materials are made.
• Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that make
  proteins
• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
• Transport system for proteins outside of cell

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Endoplasmic Reticulum, continued
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxic
  materials.

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Mitochondria Power House
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• A mitochondrion is the main power source of a
  cell.
• organelle in which sugar is broken down to
  release energy.
• The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is
  where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made.
• ATP is the energy storing molecule used by the
  cell to carry out its functions.
• Have their own DNA

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Chloroplasts Green Structure
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
• Plants, algae, and some prokaryotes have cells
  with chloroplasts.
• green because they contain chlorophyll, the
  pigment that traps the energy of sunlight.
• This energy is used to make sugar during
  photosynthesis.
• Have their own DNA

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Golgi Complex Cell Mailroom
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• packages and distributes proteins and lipids.
• The materials may be taken to other parts of the
  cell or may exit the cell.
• Materials may be modified in the Golgi complex to
  do different jobs before they are sent off.
• The Golgi complex pinches off portions of its
  membrane to create bubbles called vesicles.
• The bubbles contain the materials to be
  transported.

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Vesicle Storage Unit
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• The bubble that forms from the Golgi complexs
  membrane is an example of a vesicle.
• A vesicle is a small sac that surrounds materials
  to be moved into or out of the cell.
• Vesicles also move materials within the cell.
• All eukaryotic cells have vesicles.

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Vacuoles liquid storage
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• Found in plant cells
• They play an important role in plants.
• The large central vacuole in a plant cell stores
  water and other liquids.
• Some plants wilt when their large central
  vacuoles lose water.

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Lysosomes Clean Up Crew
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4

• vesicles that contain digestive enzymes.
• They carry out digestion inside a cell.
• Lysosomes destroy worn-out organelles, engulf
  foreign invaders, and get rid of wastes.
• Lysosomes are found mainly in animal cells.

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Cell Wall

• Only in plant cells
• Provides strength and support
• Enables plants and trees to stand tall

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Cytoplasm

• Jelly like substance that fills the cell
• Contains tiny, tube like structures that form the
  cytoskeleton
• Supports the cell

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Centriole

• Organizes the cytoskeleton
• Plays important role in cell division
• They migrate to opposite ends of cell during cell
  division mitosis.

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Chromosomes

• Thick rod-like objects in nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Segments of DNA are the genes called heredity
• Important during cell division.

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Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 4