The Road to World War II

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The Road to World War II
One People, One Nation, One Leader
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Psychoanalysis

• Sigmund Freud
• Subconscious-Dreams
• In a civilized society, learned values such as
  morality and reason help people repress, or
  check, powerful urges.
• The individual Feels constant tension between
  repressed drives and social training.

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Postwar WWI Art

• Dadaism and Surrealism

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Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.
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Marcel Duchamp  -  Fountain 1917
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Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory (1931)
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Postwar Literature
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Dada Poetry'Gadji beri bimba' - Hugo Ball

• gadji beri bimba glandridi laula lonni
  cadorigadjama gramma berida bimbala glandri
  galassassa laulitalominigadji beri bin blassa
  glassala laula lonni cadorsu sassala bimgadjama
  tuffm i zimzalla binban gligla wowolimai bin beri
  bano katalominai rhinozerossola hopsamen
  laulitalomini hoooogadjama rhinozerossola
  hopsamenbluku terullala blaulala loooozimzim
  urullala zimzim urullala zimzim zanzibar zimzalla
  zamelifantolim brussala bulomen brussala bulomen
  tromtatavelo da bang band affalo purzamai affalo
  purzamai lengado torgadjama bimbalo glandridi
  glassala zingtata pimpalo ögrögööööviola laxato
  viola zimbrabim viola uli paluji maloootuffm im
  zimbrabim negramai bumbalo negramai bumbalo tuffm
  i zimgadjama bimbala oo beri gadjama gaga di
  gadjama affalo pinxgaga di bumbalo bumbalo
  gadjamengaga di bling blonggaga blung

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Changing Culture
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Post World War I Issues

• Loss of Innocence
• Anger towards Government
• Weak Leadership
• Death and Destruction
• Unemployment, Inflation, Depression
• Versailles Treaty, Reparations, Bitterness

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Why Fascism?

• Reactionary movement following WWI
• Those angry and anxious over the constant risk of
  chaos and uncertainty associated with modern
  democracy.
• Majority/Mobocracy cannot effectively direct
  human society
• Bitterness over the humiliation imposed by the
  victors of WWI, combined with the hardships of
  economic depression, allowed for such an ideology
• Scapegoating and dehumanization

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Fascism in Italy

• A political philosophy, movement, or regime that
  exalts nation and often race above the individual
  and that stands for a centralized government
  headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic
  and social regimentation, and forcible
  suppression of opposition.

IL DULCE Benito Mussolini
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Fascism in Spain

• 1936- Popular Front elected
• General Francisco Franco organizes army to
  overthrow government
• Hitler and Mussolini send help
• Franco becomes Caudillo, or dictator of Spain

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Guernica (1937) by Pablo Picasso
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Germanys Weimar Republic

• WWI Ends
• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates throne
• Democratic Weimar Republic signs Versailles
  Treaty under protest, establishes President and
  Constitution
• French demand reparations, Germans cannot pay
• French army takes control of Coal-producing Ruhr
  Valley (1923)
• German workers strike

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Hyperinflation in Germany

• After the War, Germany had large debts to pay
  (war costs, reparations imposed by the Treaty of
  Versailles)
• Money was printed in mass quantities to pay off
  these debts, which devalued the German Mark
• By July 1922, the German mark fell to 300 marks
  for 1 in November it was at 9,000 to 1 by
  January 1923 it was at 49,000 to 1 by July
  1923, it was at 1,100,000 to 1. It reached 2.5
  trillion marks to 1 in mid-November 1923,
  varying from city to city
• By early 1924, a new monetary system was
  introduced, The Rentenmark, fixed at 4.201
  Dollar

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Beer Hall Putsch

• 1924 Hitler attempts coup from a beer hall in
  Munich
• Failed coup gets Hitler arrested and he writes
  Mein Kampf (My Struggle) from prison
• Superior German Aryan Race
• Tear up Treaty of Versailles
• Provide Full Employment
• Lebensraum or Living Space for Germany
• Fuhrur or Strong Leader needed

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Nazi Party and Fascism

• National Socialist German Workers Party
• After the failed coup, they would gain power
  democratically
• Politicians turn to Hitler to root out communism
• By 1933, Hitler is chosen to be Chancellor of
  Germany
• First acts include suspending civil rights,
  destroying communists, disbanding other political
  parties, and purging opponents disloyal to Nazi
  Party and power

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Third Reich

• Nationalism-Return to Glory
• Treaty of Versailles rejected
• Totalitarian State
• End Unemployment
• Indoctrination of young people
• Purging German Culture
• Strength through Joy

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The Swastika

• The word "swastika" comes from the Sanskrit
  svastika referencing Good Luck
• It has also been used for the past 3,000 years to
  represent Sun, Power, Strength, and Luck all over
  the world
• Buddhists and Hindus continue to use the swastika
  as a religious symbol

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Nazi Propaganda
"In the deepest need Hindenburg chose Adolf
Hitler for Reich Chancellor. You too should vote
for List 1."
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Germany is Free!
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Anti-Semitism
This is The Eternal Jew book cover, symbolically
presenting many of the arguments against Jews.
The ugly Jew is holding part of Russia under
his arm, branded with the hammer and sickle. One
hand holds a whip. The other hand holds bloody
coins.
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German Labor Service Volunteers
"We build body and soul."
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Eugenics
"This genetically ill person will cost our
people's community 60,000 marks over his
lifetime. Citizens, that is your money. Read
Neues Volk, the monthly of the racial policy
office of the NSDAP."
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German Women
"A wonderful task Reich Labor Service Women's
Leader A job for today!"
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Hitler Youth
"Youth Serves the Führer. All 10-year-olds into
the Hitler Youth."
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Appeasement
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Neutrality Act
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Neutrality Act
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Notes Quiz

• 1. Provide three (3) reasons why Hitler was able
  to replace the Weimar Republic and rise to power
  in mid 1930s Germany.
• 2. What is the significance of the title Mein
  Kampf (1925), and what goals did Adolf Hitler
  outline through the writing of this work?
• 3. Why were dictators in Europe, and especially
  Hitler and Germany, able to violate international
  law without consequence in the 1930s?
• 4. Why would Hitler unite with communist enemy
  Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union in 1939?

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WWII Propaganda
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Rationing
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"If you don't need it, DON'T BUY IT"
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Treatment of Prisoners
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Bataan Death March
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POWs in the United States
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Perceptions of the Japanese
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We're gonna have to slap the dirty little JapAnd
Uncle Sam's the guy who can do itWe'll skin the
streak of yellow from this sneaky little
fellowAnd he'll think a cyclone hit him when
he's thru itWe'll take the double crosser to the
old woodshedWe'll start on his bottom and go to
his headWhen we get thru with him he'll wish
that he was deadWe gotta slap the dirty little
Jap
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Propaganda and Indoctrination
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Post 9/11 Anti-Muslim Feelings
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Danish Cartoon Controversy