Shapes, Shapes, Everywhere

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Shapes, Shapes, Everywhere!
Third Grade Mathematics and Social Studies
By Jennifer Barenberg
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Different Geometrical Shapes

• Pyramid
• Cylinder

• Arc

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Symmetry

• One half is a mirror image of the other half

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What is Architecture?

• The job of designing nice looking buildings and
  environments.

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Pyramid

• A polygon base with triangles as faces with a
  common point (vertex).

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Egyptian Pyramids

• Built as tombs for kings and queens
• Many built on Niles west bank
• Built by Egyptians
• 3 types

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Types of Egyptian PyramidsBuilt1600-2700 BC

• Step Pyramid
• True Pyramid
• Bent Pyramid

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Step Pyramid

• Earliest form
• Consists of several steps
• Not very pretty
• Only 1 was ever completed

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True Pyramid

• Improvement on Step Pyramid
• Smooth sides
• Main type of pyramid

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Bent Pyramid

• Slope becomes steeper
• Feared might become unstable
• Northern and western entrance

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Pyramid Construction

• Made of
• Limestone
• Pink granite
• Alabaster
• Basalt
• Moved to site by oxen

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Methods of
Construction

• Problem large blocks on top
• ONLY proven method
• Ramps built on inclined planes
• As pyramid grew taller ramp became longer

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Methods of Construction

• Using ramps is unsure
• True pyramids start as step pyramids
• Limestone filled the steps

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The Great Pyramid of Giza

• One of Seven Wonders of the World
• Still standing and together
• 500 feet high
• 750 feet long

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Which is NOT a type of pyramid?

• Step Pyramid
• Bent Pyramid
• Curve Pyramid
• True Pyramid

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Incorrect

• I am sorry that is not the correct answer
  please click the button below to review the
  information.

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Lets Review

• Remember we discussed 3 different types of
  pyramids
• 1.) Step Pyramid-the earliest type that is not so
  pretty and looks like steps
• 2.) True Pyramid-better looking and the type most
  pyramids are
• 3.) Bent Pyramid-slightly steeper at the top
• Click the button to
  return to the question

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CORRECT!

• That is the right answer.

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Arc

• A section of a curve or part of a circle.
• Blue ADB is an arc
• Red AB is an arc

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Arcs in Architecture

• An arch is an arc used in architecture

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Arch

• Most stable structure
• Supports itself
• Built to survive high winds and earthquakes

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Arch Bridges

• Oldest types of bridges
• Always under compression or pressure
• Weight along curve

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Arches of Ancient Rome

• Arches were born in Rome, Italy
• Passed underneath to celebrate emperors
• Most famous Colosseum

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Colosseum

• Famous building in the world
• Built almost 2,000 years ago
• Seats about 50,000 people
• Used for entertainment

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Arches used in Houses

• Fireplaces
• Doorways
• Windows

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Fireplaces
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Doorways
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Windows
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An arc is part of a/an ____.

• Circle
• Pyramid
• Square
• Cube

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Incorrect

• That is not the right answer. Please, click
  the button to review the information.

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Lets Review

• This is what an arc looks like
• It looks like part of a circle

Click the button to go back to the question.
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Correct!

• Way to go!

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Cylinder

• A solid shape with one curved surface and two
  equal circular faces.

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Cylinders in Architecture

• Columns are cylinders in architecture

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Columns

• Support roofs or for pretty
• 3 types of classical columns
• From Greece and Rome
• Topcapital
• Bottombase

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Greece
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Rome, Italy
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Doric Columns

• Found in Greece
• Simplest with slant roof
• Each column has 20 sides
• Good with rectangle buildings

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Ionic Columns

• Also from Greece
• Taller and look skinner
• Prettier at top
• Slant roof

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Corinthian Columns

• Used in Rome
• Prettiest
• People like it best
• Roofs are flat

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Which type of column has flat roofs?

• Ionic
• Corinthian
• Doric
• Round

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Incorrect

• Im sorry that is not the correct answer.
  Please, click the button below to review the
  information.

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Lets ReviewClick the button to return to the
question.

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Correct!

• You did great, that is the right answer!

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Thanks To

• Mathworld.wolfram.com
• www.mathleague.com
• www.crystalinks.com
• www.readyed.com
• www.world-mysteries.com
• www.teachers.ash.org.au/jeather/maths/dictionary.h
  tml
• www.startiming.net/cave/arch-1.html
• www.enchantedlearning.com
• Science.howstuffworks.com/bridges5.htm
• www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/meetarch.html
• www.romatruismo.com
• www.exn.ca/rome/
• www.fireplaces-cornwall.co.uk
• Architecture.about.com
• www.cmhpf.org/kids/dictionary/classicalorders.html