United States History Mr. Stevens

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United States HistoryMr. Stevens

• Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny
• (1830 1850)

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Manifest Destiny
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Americans in Texas

• Moses Austin 200,000 acres from Spain for 300
  families, but died his son, Stephen Austin
  carried out the plan in 1822.
• Mexico won independence from Spain, yet still
  approved the plan.
• Did not have to pay for land, or taxes for 6
  years.
• Must become Mexican citizens and Catholic.
• May not have slaves (brought 1,500 anyways).
• Texas Fever by 1830, 20,000 Americans!

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Remember the Alamo!
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The Texas Revolution

• 1834 General Santa Ana declared military rule
  in Texas to make Americans obey the laws.
• February 23, 1836 Santa Ana attacked the Alamo
  in San Antonio w/ 6,000 men.
• March 2 Texas declared independence.
• March 6 Mexican soldiers killed all 187
  defenders.

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• Houston led 800 men and defeated Santa Ana.
• Signed treaty of San Jacinto which gave Texas its
  independence.
• Mexico refused to honor it.

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The Lone Star Republic
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Tastes like Chicken
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The Presidency of John Tyler (1841 1845)
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His Accidency

• When Tyler assumed the presidency, his policies
  turned out to be,
  Anti-Jackson Democraticnot Whig.
• The Whigs responded by voting Tyler out of the
  party, and the entire cabinetexcept Secretary of
  State Daniel Websterresigned in the fall of
  1841. (Page 248)

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The Election of 1844

• Whigs Henry Clay against Texas
• Liberty Party James G. Birney against slavery
• Democrats James K. Polk annex Texas and Oregon
• Polk wins the election (170-105), but before he
  takes office, Tyler annexed Texas.
• Mexico furious!

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The Presidency of James K. Polk (1845 1849)
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Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!
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War with Mexico
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Causes

• Mexican resentment over the annexation of Texas.
• American desires for California and New Mexico.
• History of hostility b/w nations.
• The failure of negotiations.
• Dispute over the Texas-Mexico boundary.

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War Declared on May 13, 1846

• Fighting in California and Santa Fe.
• - John C. Fremont helped Americans in
  California declare independence in Bear
  Flag Revolt (July 4, 1846).
• - Gen. Stephen Kearny
• took Santa Fe, San
• Diego, and L.A. by
• 1847.

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Fighting in Northern Mexico

• Zachary Taylor, Old Rough and Ready.
• Wins decisive victories at Monterrey and then at
  Buena Vista (February, 1847) against Santa Ana.

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Fighting in Southern Mexico

• Gen. Winfield Scott, Old Fuss and Feathers.
• 200 ships, 14,000 men to land at Vera Cruz (same
  path that Cortez took in 1519).
• Defeated the Mexican army at Mexico City on
  September 14, 1847.
• The Halls of Montezuma (Marine Corps Hymn)

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

• Rio Grande is border b/w Texas and Mexico.
• Pay 15 million for Mexican Cession.
• Present day California, New Mexico, Arizona,
  Utah, Nevada, and Colorado.

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The Gadsden Purchase (1853)

• We wanted the land to build a transcontinental
  railroad to California.
• Purchased the land for 10 million from Santa
  Ana.
• The Gadsden Purchase filled out the continental
  United States to its present boundariesthe
  climax of Manifest Destiny. (page 256)