What are the main areas of Earth science

1
What are the main areas of Earth science?

• Geology
• Meteorology
• Astronomy
• Oceanography

2
What is geology?

• Study of the Earth
• Physical geology material processes
• Historical geology understanding the past

3
What is meteorology?

• Study of the atmosphere
• Weather
• Climate

4
What is astronomy?

• Study of the universe
• Space
• Solar system
• Stars
• Etc.

5
What is oceanography?

• Study of the Oceans
• Salinity
• Ocean currents

6
Earths 4 major spheres

• Hydrosphere - water
• Atmosphere - air
• Geosphere - core, mantle, crust
• Biosphere - living

7
Layers of the Earth

• Inner core
• Outer core
• Lower mantle
• Upper mantle
• Crust

8
Crust and upper mantlemake up the

• Lithosphere

9
What moves the plates?

• Convection

unequal distribution of heat within the Earth
10
What explains earthquakes volcanoes

• The Theory of Plate Tectonics - plates
• The Earths lithosphere is broken up into plates
  that move around

11
What type of map shows elevation?

• Topographic

12
Mercator Map

• Accurate compass directions
• Distorted sizes and distances

13
2 sources of energy for the Earth

• Sun
• Earths interior

14
The suns energy drives

• Weather
• Ocean circulation

15
Renewable resources

• Resources that can be replenished over a
  relatively short period of time

16
Scientific Theory

• Scientific idea that is well tested and widely
  accepted by the scientific community

17
A fracture in the Earth where movement has
occurred

• Fault

18
Epicenter

• The place on the surface directly above the focus

19
Energy waves

• Seismic waves

20
Smaller quakes that follow an earthquake

• Aftershocks

21
An earthquake that happens in San Francisco
occurs because of what fault?

• San Andreas

22
P-waves

• Primary
• First
• Fastest
• Compress/expand/compress
• Go through all material solid, liquid, gas

23
S-wave

• Secondary
• Slower
• Side-to-side (right angles)
• Travel only through solid material

24
Surface waves

• Slowest
• Combo of P S-waves
• Destructive at the surface
• Rolling wave motion
• Surface waves travel along Earths surface and
  move the ground from side to side, and in an
  up-and-down motion.

25
How many seismic stations are needed to locate an
earthquake?

• 3

26
Travel-time graph

• Used to figure (using time traveled) the distance
  to the earthquake

27
Continental Drift

• All the continents were once joined together as
  one supercontinent

Pangaea!
28
Whats the dealio with the the Mesosaurus?

• Its a freshwater reptile that they found fossils
  of on South America Africa
• Sothose continents must have been joined
  togther

29
On average, how fast do tectonic plates move?

• 5 cm per year

30
What is a tectonic plate made of?

• Crust
• Upper mantle

31
3 plate boundaries

• Divergent plates divide
• Convergent plates collide
• Transform plates grind past each other

32
Name the following boundary types

• East African Rift

• Divergent

• San Andreas Fault

• Transform

• Mid-Atlantic Ridge

• Divergent

• Andes Mountains

• Convergent

• Convergent

• Himalayas

33
What geological features might occur with the
following?

• Convergent
• Ocean to ocean
• Ocean to continent
• Continent to continent

• Volcano islands
• Continental islands
• Smooshed mountains

34
Paleomagnetism

• the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic
  field preserved in various magnetic minerals
  through time

35
What can paleomagnetim tell us?

• That the magnetic north and south poles have
  flipped
• Using the pattern of polarity on the ocean floor
  we can see evidence of seafloor spreading

36
The rocks farther away from the ridge are

• older

37
Where is the Ring of Fire?

• Around the Pacific Plate

38
Name a constructive plate boundary

• divergent

39
Name a destructive plate boundary

• convergent

40
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