Todays Issues:

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Todays Issues South Asia
South Asia faces the challenges of rapid
population growth, destructive weather, and
territorial disputes caused by religious and
ethnic differences.
Rickshaw drivers in Calcutta, India, wait for
customers during a monsoon.
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Todays Issues South Asia
Population Explosion
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Living with Extreme Weather
Case Study
Territorial Dispute
Unit Atlas Political
Unit Atlas Physical
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Explosive population growth in South Asia has
contributed to social and economic ills in the
region.
Education is key to controlling population
growth and improving the quality of life in South
Asia.
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SECTION
Population Explosion
1
Growing Pains
Rapid growth In 2000, Indias population
reached 1 billion Rapid growth means many
citizens lack lifes basic necessities - food,
clothing, shelter South Asia must manage
population growth so economies can develop
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Growing Pains
Population Grows Indias population was 300
million in 1947 has since tripled So large
that even 2 growth rate produces population
explosion Unless rate slows, India will have
1.5 billion by 2045 - would be the worlds most
populous country (passing China) India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh among top 10 most populous
countries - region has 22 of worlds
population, lives on 3 of worlds land
Map
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Growing Pains
Inadequate Resources Region has widespread
poverty, illiteracyinability to read or
write - poor sanitation, health education lead
to disease outbreaks Every year, to keep
pace, India would have to - build 127,000 new
schools and 2.5 million new homes - create 4
million new jobs - produce 6 million more tons
of food
Chart
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SECTION
1
Managing Population Growth
Smaller Families India spends nearly 1
billion a year encouraging smaller families
Programs have only limited success - Indian
women marry before age 18, start having babies
early - to poor, children are source of money
(begging, working fields) - children can
later take care of elderly parents - have more
kids to beat high infant mortality
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Managing Population Growth
Education is a Key Growth factors can be
changed with education, but funds are
limited - India spends under 6 per pupil a year
on education - U.S. spends 6,320 per pupil a
year Education could break cycle of poverty,
raise living standards - improves females
status with job opportunities - better health
care education could lower infant mortality
rates
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South Asia experiences a yearly cycle of
floods, often followed by drought.
The extreme weather in South Asia leads to
serious physical, economic, and political
consequences.
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SECTION
Living with Extreme Weather
2
The Monsoon Seasons
Summer and Winter Wind Systems Annual cycle of
extreme weather makes life difficult Monsoon
is wind system, not a rainstorm two monsoon
seasons Summer monsoonblows moist from
southwest, across Indian Ocean - blows June
through September, causes rainstorms, flooding
Winter monsoonblows cool from northeast,
across Himalayas, to sea - blows October through
February, can cause drought
Interactive
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SECTION
2
Impact of the Monsoons
Physical Impact Summer monsoons nourish rain
forests, irrigate crops - floodwaters bring rich
sediment to soil, but can also damage crops
Cyclones are common with summer
monsoons - called hurricanes in North
America - cause flooding, widespread destruction
- 1970 Bangladesh cyclone killed 300,000
Winter monsoon droughts turn lush lands into
arid wastelands
Continued . . .
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SECTION
2
continued Impact of the Monsoons
Economic Impact Floods, droughts make
agriculture difficult - countries buy what they
cant grow famine looms Weather catastrophes
also destroy homes, families - people often too
poor to rebuild, governments lack funds to help
People build houses on stilts, concrete
cyclone shelters, dams Region gets
international aid and billions of dollars in
loans - aid cant keep up with disasters, debts
result
Image
Continued . . .
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SECTION
2
continued Impact of the Monsoons
Political Tensions Weather conditions also
cause political disputes India builds Farakka
dam across Ganges before it enters
Bangladesh - India wants to bring water to city
of Kolkata - dam leaves little water for
Bangladesh - many of Bangladeshs farmers lose
land, illegally flee to India - dispute is
settled in 1997 with a treaty specifying water
rights
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Territorial Dispute
Case Study
How Can India and Pakistan Resolve Their Dispute
Over Kashmir?
BACKGROUND Kashmir territory is strategically
located at foot of Himalayas Territory of 12
million people surrounded by Pakistan, China,
India India and Pakistan have fought three
wars over Kashmir since 1947 Dispute
threatens regions stability, countries economic
well-being Danger increases now that both
countries have nuclear weapons
Interactive
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Case Study
A Controversy Over Territory
Partitioning British left India in 1947 and
partitioneddividedthe subcontinent - created
two independent countries - India is
predominantly Hindu, Pakistan is mostly Muslim
Britain lets each Indian state choose which
country to join - Muslim states join Pakistan,
Hindu states remain in India
Continued . . .
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Case Study
continued A Controversy Over Territory
Politics and Religion Kashmirs problem
population is Muslim, but its leader was Hindu
Maharajah of Kashmir wants an independent
nation - but is forced to cede territory to
India in 1947 Pakistan invades a year later
India still controls much of Kashmir India,
Pakistan fight two more wars over Kashmir in
1965, 1971 - dispute remains unresolved each
country still controls part - China has had a
small portion since 1962
Continued . . .
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Case Study
continued A Controversy Over Territory
A Question of Economics Indus River flows
through Kashmir - many of its tributaries
originate in the territory Indus is critical
source of drinking, irrigation water in
Pakistan - Pakistan doesnt want India to
control that resource Kashmir is a strategic
prize neither side will give up
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Case Study
A Nuclear Nightmare
Dangerous Testing India and Pakistan each
test nuclear weapons in 1998 - raise fears that
the 50-year-old dispute could go
nuclear - after tests, both countries vow to
seek political solution Border clashes
continue - Pakistan supports Kashmir Muslims
fighting Indian rule
Continued . . .
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Case Study
continued A Nuclear Nightmare
A Question of Priorities Both India and
Pakistan have large populations, widespread
poverty - both overspend on troops, arms,
nuclear programs - that money could be used
for education and social programs Resolving
Kashmir problem would bring peace - the quality
of peoples lives could start improving - reso
lution could reduce the regions
political tensions
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