Highlights of Brewing History

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Highlights ofBrewing History

• HRT 312

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Highlights brought to you by

• World history highlights from Professor Linda
  Raley, Texas Tech University
• U.S. highlights American Breweries II" by Dale
  P. Van Wieren
• The above information is located at
  beerhistory.com
• Go to beerbooks.com for more history

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Proceed with caution

• Many of these highlights are facts
• However, some are based on theories and others
  are built on a foundation of facts
• With further research, time, and plenty of good
  ale, those who care will learn more

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Ancient History Highlights

• The Fertile Crescent, 9000-4500 BC
• Center of this crescent are the Tigris and
  Euphrates Rivers
• Wild cereal grasses (rye, barley, wheat) grew in
  abundance and grew well
• 7500 BC signs of agriculture
• 5500 BC signs of irrigation

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Fertile Crescenthttp//www.becunited.co.uk/mesopo
tamia/Timeline.htmlSite created by Rachel Dawson
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Ancient History Highlights

• 4300 BC - Babylonian clay tablets detail recipes
  for beer
• Beer was a vital part of civilization early
  records of the following cultures reference beer
  or its equivalent
• Babylonian
• Assyrian
• Egyptian
• Hebrew
• Chinese
• Inca
• Northern Europe (Did the Romans introduce it?)

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Ancient History Highlights

• Egyptian text Ebers Papyrus
• Compiled between 1550-1070 BC
• Contained over 600 prescriptions and remedies
  calling for beer
• Some dating as far back as 4000 BC
• Romans brewed "cerevisia
• Ceres the goddess of agriculture
• Vis strength in Latin

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Ancient History Highlights

• 430 BD, historian Herodotus wrote
• the Egyptians drink wine which they get from
  barley, as they have no vines

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Ancient History to Medieval

• Before the Middle Ages
• Beer was made primarily by women
• A family/community role
• Considered a food as well as celebration drink
• 500-1000 AD first half of the Middle Ages
• Brewing is practiced in Europe
• A shift from family tradition to centralized
  production
• Primarily in monasteries and convents
  (hospitality for traveling pilgrims)

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Medieval History Highlights

• Weihenstephaner the worlds oldest brewery
• 725 AD Brewing at a Benedictine monastery on
  Nährberg Hill
• 768 AD Reference to hops
• 1040 AD Weihenstephaner is granted the right to
  sell beer
• 1200 AD - Beer making is firmly established as a
  commercial enterprise in
• Germany
• Austria
• England
• 1420 - Bavarian (German) monks begin to develop
  the lager method of brewing (not the isolation of
  yeast!)

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Renaissance History Highlights

• 1490's - Columbus found Indians making beer from
  corn and black birch sap
• 1516 - Bavarian brewing guilds push for the
  Reinheitsgeobot purity laws
• Makes it illegal to use any ingredients but
  water, barley, and hops in the brewing of beer
• They did not know yeast was part of the process
• 1553 - Beck's Brewery founded is still brewing
  today

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1587 - Virginia colonists brew ale using corn
• 1602 - Dr. Alexander Nowell discovers that ale
  can be stored longer in cork sealed, glass
  bottles
• 1609 - American "Help Wanted" advertisements
  appear in London seeking brewers for the Virginia
  Colony
• 1620 - Pilgrims arrive in Plymouth in the Colony
  of Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower

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U.S. History Highlights

• So in the morning, after we had called on God
  for direction, we came to the resolutionto go
  presently ashore again and to take a better view
  of two places which we thought most fitting for
  us for we could not now take much time for
  further search or consideration, our victuals
  being much spent, especially our beer, and it is
  now being the 19th of December.
• Quoted in 100 years of brewing, 179 referenced
  by Gregg Smith, (1998) Beer in America The early
  years15871840, 10

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1600s Breweries on record in what is now
• New York
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• New Hampshire
• Pennsylvania
• Virginia
• 1734 - Mary Lisle
• First known commercial "brewster" in America
• She took over her late fathers Edinburgh
  Brewhouse in Philadelphia
• She operated the brewery until 1751

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1754 - George Washington enters a beer recipe in
  his notebook
• 1775 - Revolutionary War
• Measures by Congress include rationing to each
  soldier
• One quart of Spruce Beer or Cider / man / day
• 1810 - 132 operating breweries
• Produce 185,000 barrels of beer
• Population of the country is 7 million (0.82
  gal/cap)

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1820 - Brewers report business off due to
  increased consumption of whiskey
• 1826 - American Society for the Promotion of
  Temperance
• Formed in Boston
• Also known as the American Temperance Society
• 1829 - David G. Yuengling opens a brewery in the
  Pennsylvania coal town of Pottsville

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1836 - Principle of total abstinence or
  "Teetotalism" is introduced American Temperance
  Union
• 1850 - 431 breweries
• Produce 750,000 barrels of beer (31 gallons per
  barrel)
• The population is 23 million (1.01 gal/cap)
• 1860 - 1269 breweries
• Produce over 1million barrels of beer
• Population of 31 million (1.0 gal/cap)
• New York and Pennsylvania account for 85 of the
  production

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1867 - 3700 breweries
• Produce 6 million barrels of beer
• Almost 5.0 gal/cap
• 1873 - 4131 breweries (record number)
• Produce 9 million barrels of beer
• Over 7.3 gal/cap

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1873 Adolphus Busch begins bottling of beer for
  large scale shipments
• At the Anheuser Brewery in St. Louis
• Bottling was not new - only the magnitude of this
  venture
• 1880 Internal Revenue Department records indicate
  2830 ale and lager breweries in operation
• 1880-1910 Number of breweries declines
• Improved methods of production and distribution
• Fewer breweries can manufacture more beer

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U.S. History Highlights

• By 1910 number of breweries drops to around 1500
• 1919 - House of Representatives Bill No. 6810
• Establishing the apparatus for the enforcement of
  prohibition
• The bill was passed October 10
• Vetoed by President Wilson on October 27
• Veto was subsequently overridden by Congressional
  vote

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1933 - April 7
• Legalization of beer takes effect
• 21st Amendment repeals the 18th
• 1933 - 31 brewers back in operation by June
• 1934 - 756 brewers back in operation
• 1940 - Beer production
• At the level of pre-prohibition years
• But with half the number of breweries in
  operation as in 1910

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U.S. History Highlights

• During the 30s and 40s, the focus was on female
  drinkers for at least two reasons
• Temperance
• War
• WWII created a shortage of equipment and grain
• 1943 - Brewers are required to allocate 15 of
  their production for military use
• 1949-1958 185 breweries close down or sell out
• 1950 407 breweries in operation

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U.S. History Highlights

• 1961 230 breweries in operation - only 140 are
  independently run
• Lighter styles prevail
• But a change is on the way