Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• Is the process in which food is converted into
  energy.

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Introduction

• Cellular Respiration is separated into
  two aerobic respiration which is an
  oxygen-dependent type of respiration, and
  anaerobic respiration or sometimes called as
  fermentation, which is an oxygen-independent type
  of respiration.
• Cellular Respiration undergo 3 processes
  Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle or
  sometimes called as the citric acid cycle.

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Glycolysis

• Glycolysis or sometimes called as substrate
  decomposition, is when 1 glucose(C6H12O6) is
  converted into 2 pyruvic acid or sometimes called
  as pyruvates.

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Pyruvate Oxidation

• It is when the 2 pyruvic acids is reacted
  with CoA and produces 1 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and
  Acetyl CoA. These Acetyl CoA hastens the process
  because enzymes may either hasten or slow down
  processes.

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Krebs Cycle

• It is when the Acetyl CoA is converted into
  a six-carbon molecule or called as citric acid.
• The by-products of Krebs Cycle are
• 2 NADH
• 1 ATP
• 1 FADH2

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• In Cellular Respiration, 2 ATP or adenosine
  triphosphate is consumed and in total, 36 ATP are
  gained. In Glycolysis, 2 ATP are produced and 3
  NADH are produced. Since Glycolysis takes place
  in the cytoplasm, 1 NADH is equivalent to 2 ATP,
  thus, in total 6 ATP are produced in Glycolysis.
  Next is the Pyruvate Oxidation.

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• Pyruvate oxidation takes place in
  mitochondrion which is the powerhouse of the
  cell. Thus, there are more ATP in one NADH. In
  pyruvic acid oxidation, 2 carbon dioxide (CO2) is
  formed and 2 NADH is formed. As said, more ATP is
  equivalent to one NADH. In one NADH, there are 3
  ATPs , thus, in pyruvate oxidation, 6 ATP are
  produced and released.

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• The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric
  acid cycle because it produces citric acid. This
  process takes place in mitochondria. The
  by-products of Krebs Cycle in one Acetyl CoA are
  3 NADH, 1 ATP and 1 FADH2. As said, when NADH is
  produced in mitochondria, it is

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• Equivalent to 3 ATP, and also, one FADH2 is
  equivalent to 2 ATP, thus, in one Acetyl CoA, it
  produces 12 ATPs. Again, as Ive said, in
  Glycolysis, it produces 2 Acetyl Coenzyme A. So
  if one acetyl coenzyme produces 12 ATPs, then if
  there are 2 Acetyl CoA, then it produces

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• 24 Acetyl coenzymes. If we summarize everything,
  in Glycolysis, it produces 6 ATPs, in pyruvate
  oxidation, 6 ATPs, and in Krebs Cycle 24 ATPs, in
  total we have 36 ATPs. You might wonder where the
  36-38 ATP concept came from. It have extra two
  because as Ive mentioned, in cellular
  Respiration, 2 ATP is used. In this case, Aerobic
  respiration is occurring.

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• In some prokaryotic cells or unicellular
  organisms like bacteria, they produce 38 ATP with
  a net ATP of 2. thus, it produces 38-40 ATP.
  They produce more ATP because they produce and
  manufacture ATP quicker and faster. This case is
  anaerobic respiration or fermentation.

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• THATS ALL ?