Title: Boats Docking
1Boats - Docking
- Quartermaster Requirement 6
2Quartermaster Requirement 6
- Demonstrate and teach the Motorboating merit
badge. - Know the principles of springing into and out
from a dock, from both bow and stern, using an
engine depending on the type of craft used by
your ship. - Take charge of the craft used by your ship, or
suitable powered craft and give all necessary
commands to the crew while coming alongside and
getting under way in several wind and current
situations. - Note The purpose of this requirement is to
demonstrate a knowledge of the effect of
propeller, steering, and hull in boat handling. - Reference
- "Orders to the Crew" on page 155
- Motorboating merit badge pamphlet, No. 33294.
3Docking
- One of the most difficult aspects of sailing a
large keelboat is docking. - Sailboats are often heavy and have significant
inertia. - Approach the dock with a speed no greater than to
maintain steerage, usually around one knot, and
with fenders in place and lines manned. - Reverse gear often does little to slow the boat
and will usually swing the stern to one side or
another due to prop-walk. - The glide zone is the distance it takes the boat
to stop when the forward thrust is turned off
while advancing at the minimum speed to maintain
steerage. - Become familiar with the rotation point of the
boat (usually where the keel is), the turning
radius and the glide zone.
4Rule 1 to Avoid Docking Injuries
- Before each docking maneuver, make sure everyone
understands what he or she will be doing. - The corollary to Rule 1 is to be aware of where
your crew is and what each is doing. - A woman in California was securing a spring line
to a cleat when the skipper suddenly backed down
hard with his two 200 HP engines and she got her
fingers crushed. - Another man was standing on the dock holding onto
a trawler's bow pulpit when the skipper gunned
the engine and yanked him into the water. - In both claims (and many others) the skipper and
crew were acting independently.
5Rule 2 to Avoid Docking Injuries
- Don't encourage your crew to make Olympian leaps
onto the dock. - This is one of the most common types of
accidents. - A California man broke both his heals when he
landed on the dock after jumping from the bow of
a large sailboat. - Whenever possible, hand dock lines to someone on
the dock. If that isn't possible, wait until the
boat is safely alongside the pier before
instructing someone to step ashore. - Your crew shouldn't have to make daring leaps
across open water to make up for sloppy boat
handling.
6Rule 3 to Avoid Docking Injuries
- Keep fingers and limbs inboard!
- As a boats gets close to a dock, passengers tend
to gravitate toward the rail and drape fingers,
legs and arms over the side of the boat. - If the boat suddenly swings into a dock or
piling, the consequences can be painful. - A woman in Solomons, Maryland lost a finger when
a passing boat's wake slammed her boat into a
piling.
7Rule 4 to Avoid Docking Injuries
- Make sure everyone is seated or has something to
hold onto. - One Hand for Yourself, One Hand for the Boat
- The owner of a 20' runabout asked his
inexperienced nephew to jump onto the dock with a
bowline. - The young man eagerly climbed out of his seat and
stood precariously on the bow as the boat was
approaching the dock. - A few seconds later the boat glanced off of a
piling, only slightly, but without a handhold the
nephew lost his balance and fractured his elbow.
8Rule 5 to Avoid Docking Injuries
- Don't use bodies to stop the boat -- slow down
and use fenders. - Fenders are easy to replace bodies arent!
- A Florida man suffered a separated shoulder when
he tried to keep a 38' Sportfisherman from
backing into a piling.
9Docking Commands
- Stand by to DockThis tells the crew to be ready
in their positions when docking. - Stand by LinesThis tells people standing on the
wharf or pier to be ready to hand the lines to
the people on deck so that they can take them in. - Heave the Bow Line (or line to be used)The line
is heaved to the dock by whichever deckhand is in
charge of it. - Cast Off LinesTells the people standing on the
wharf or pier to hand or toss the lines to the
crew on deck.
- Take in SlackThe deckhands are to pull in the
slack and snub it around a cleat. - Take a StrainThe deckhands are to pull on the
line named, snubbing it around the cleat but
allowing a little slippage. - Ease OffThe line is allowed to slip more freely.
- HoldThis means to check the line temporarily.
- Secure LinesThis means to tie the lines down
permanently, adjusting to proper length.
10Dock Lines
- PainterThe docking line for a small boat, such
as a canoe, dinghy, or small sailboat - HawserA large line (3-5) for towing, mooring,
or securing a boat - Bow linesDocking lines led from the bow forward
at about 45 degrees - Stern linesDocking lines led from the stern aft
at about 45 degrees - Spring linesDocking lines led from the bow or
stern, aft or forward, to a dock cleat or piling
preventing fore and aft movement. - Breast linesLines attached laterally from a boat
to a boat or dock, preventing movement away from
the dock.
11Bow and Stern Lines
- Run diagonally from bow and stern mooring cleats
as four corner lines - Primary function is to keep the boat away from
the dock and cut down side to side motion. - Normally the first ropes made off and for a short
stay such as refueling they may be adequate. - If the boat is left moored on these two lines
only it will tend to twist and surge back and
forth on the dock.
12Spring lines
- Keep a boat from pushing forward or aft out of
the dock or slip - a forward spring line runs forward from the boat
to a dock or a post. - an aft or after spring line runs aft from the
boat to a dock or a post. - Help steady a boat with a wind over the bow.
- Should be as long as possible and as close to
parallel to the boat as possible.
13Mooring Alongside Another Vessel
- Often need to moor alongside another vessel.
- Try to pick a boat that is the same size or
larger and of a similar type. - Need breast lines between the bows and sterns of
the two boats, and spring lines, - Normal to rig some shore lines for each boat.
- Load is shared between all the yachts, especially
when there is a strong tide or offshore wind.
14Dipping the eye
- Two boats have their dock lines around the same
piling, and the boat owner of the lower line
wants to remove his to cast off. - Either first remove the line on top or perform
the maneuver called "dipping the eye". - This method allows either line to be removed
without disturbing the other
15Docking to a Pier
- In a low wind situation it is often easier to
dock to a pier on the port side if your sailboat
has a right-hand prop and to the starboard side
if your sailboat has a left-hand prop. - When reverse is applied, this will allow the prop
walk to swing the stern of the boat toward the
pier .
16Crosswind Blowing Away From The Pier
- In a light crosswind blowing away from the pier,
the sailboat should approach the pier at a 45
degree angle. - A quick turn is made and the boat is brought
alongside the pier. - A crew member may have to step quickly onto the
pier and secure the dock lines to the pier's
cleats or the boat may be blown away from the
dock.
17Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- In heavier crosswinds, docking can be
accomplished with use of a mid-ship line or a bow
line. - Approach the pier at a 45 degree angle.
- Use intermittent forward thrust that is just a
little greater than the force of the wind. - Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow.
18Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow. - Drop the spring line over a piling or attach to a
dock cleat
19Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow. - Drop the spring line over a piling or attach to a
dock cleat - Turn the boat to starboard and give intermittent
forward thrust.
20Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow. - Drop the spring line over a piling or attach to a
dock cleat - Turn the boat to starboard and give intermittent
forward thrust. - With forward thrust, the spring line pulls the
boat towards the dock.
21Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow. - Drop the spring line over a piling or attach to a
dock cleat - Turn the boat to starboard and give intermittent
forward thrust. - With forward thrust, the spring line pulls the
boat towards the dock. - Attach the bow line
22Docking with a Mid-Ship Line
- Have a mid-ship forward spring line rigged and
led up to the bow. - Drop the spring line over a piling or attach to a
dock cleat - Turn the boat to starboard and give intermittent
forward thrust. - With forward thrust, the spring line pulls the
boat towards the dock. - Attach the bow line
- Attach the remaining dock lines.
23Docking with a Bow Line
- In heavier winds which will quickly blow the boat
off the pier, a bow line may be used to aid in
docking. - Approach the pier at a 45 degree angle.
- Use intermittent forward thrust that is just a
little greater than the force of the wind. - The bow of the boat is brought up to the dock.
24Docking with a Bow Line
- The bow of the boat is brought up to the dock.
- Secure a bow line to the bow's horn cleat and
secure it to a cleat on the dock. - The bow lines length should be 75 to 100 the
width of the beam.
25Docking with a Bow Line
- The bow of the boat is brought up to the dock.
- Secure a bow line to the bow's horn cleat and
secure it to a cleat on the dock. - The bow lines length should be 75 to 100 the
width of the beam. - Turn the wheel away from the pier (or push the
tiller toward the pier). - Apply a small amount of forward thrust to bring
the stern alongside the pier.
26Docking with a Bow Line
- The bow of the boat is brought up to the dock.
- Secure a bow line to the bow's horn cleat and
secure it to a cleat on the dock. - The bow lines length should be 75 to 100 the
width of the beam. - Turn the wheel away from the pier (or turn the
tiller toward the pier). - Apply a small amount of forward thrust to bring
the stern alongside the pier. - Attach the remaining dock (stern and spring)
lines.
27Crosswind Blowing Towards The Dock
- In a light wind approaching a pier can be an easy
docking maneuver. - Just let the wind gently blow the boat into the
pier. - However, in a heavy wind you may need to use
reverse thrust to keep the boat from approaching
too fast. - One may even have to use an bow line, with light
forward thrust and the wheel turned toward the
dock to prevent too fast of an approach.
28Wind Parallel To The Dock
- In this situation it is easiest to dock
approaching the wind. - Approach the dock at a 25 to 45 degree angle.
- Use intermittent power and slow to a minimum
controllable (headway) speed. - Dock with the wind forward rather than aft.
29Wind Parallel To The Dock
- Dock with the wind forward rather than aft.
- A brief application of power will swing the stern
towards the dock. - If the boat has a right hand prop, a brief
application of reverse power will further swing
the stern towards the dock. - If the boat has a left hand prop, reverse may
swing the stern away from the dock.
30Wind Parallel To The Dock
- Dock with the wind forward rather than aft.
- A brief application of power will swing the stern
towards the dock. - If the boat has a right hand prop, a brief
application of reverse power will further swing
the stern towards the dock. - If the boat has a left hand prop, reverse may
swing the stern away from the dock. - Attach a mid-ship forward spring line.
31Wind Parallel To The Dock
- Dock with the wind forward rather than aft.
- A brief application of power will swing the stern
towards the dock. - If the boat has a right hand prop, a brief
application of reverse power will further swing
the stern towards the dock. - If the boat has a left hand prop, reverse may
swing the stern away from the dock. - Attach a mid-ship forward spring line.
- Attach the rest of the dock lines
32Leaving a Pier
- Spring lines greatly aid in getting underway and
safely leaving a crowded pier. - Spring lines are also useful in leaving a when
the sailboat is blown against the pier by wind. - For greatest leverage, the spring line should be
secured to the bow (aft spring line) or stern
(forward spring line) cleat and wrapped around a
horn pier cleat which is at least midship. - The spring line is then brought back to the bow
or stern, if necessary placed around one of the
cleat's horns, and held by a crew member.
33Leaving a Pier with a Forward Spring Line
- The use of a forward spring line will swing the
bow out and allow for an easier departure. - One must be careful in retrieving the line to not
foul the prop (wrap the line around a spinning
propeller). - One may also use the rudder to vary the direction
of boat thrust, to aid in holding the boat to or
in swinging the boat away from the pier.
34Leaving a Pier with a Forward Spring Line
- A forward spring line is placed from the stern of
the sailboat to the dock. - In reverse gear, with the rudder in the midline,
the sailboat is slowly backed.
35Leaving a Pier with a Forward Spring Line
- A forward spring line is placed from the stern of
the sailboat to the dock. - In reverse gear, with the rudder in the midline,
the sailboat is slowly backed. - The spring line prevents the backward motion of
the boat and swings the bow.
36Leaving a Pier with a Forward Spring Line
- A forward spring line is placed from the stern of
the sailboat to the dock. - In reverse gear, with the rudder in the midline,
the sailboat is slowly backed. - The spring line prevents the backward motion of
the boat and swings the bow. - Once clear, the line is released and the boat is
placed in forward gear and steered away from the
dock.
37Leaving a Pier with an Aft Spring Line
- An aft bow spring line is placed from the bow of
the sailboat to the dock. - With an aft bow spring, the wheel is initially
turned away from the pier (tiller towards the
pier) to hold the boat against the pier.
38Leaving a Pier with an Aft Spring Line
- An aft bow spring line is placed from the bow of
the sailboat to the dock. - With an aft bow spring, the wheel is initially
turned away from the pier (tiller towards the
pier) to hold the boat against the pier. - To pull away from the pier, turn the wheel
towards the pier (tiller away from the pier) and
give a small amount of forward power. - The spring line prevents the forward motion of
the boat and swings the stern away from the dock.
39Leaving a Pier with an Aft Spring Line
- An aft bow spring line is placed from the bow of
the sailboat to the dock. - With an aft bow spring, the wheel is initially
turned away from the pier (tiller towards the
pier) to hold the boat against the pier. - To pull away from the pier, turn the wheel
towards the pier (tiller away from the pier) and
give a small amount of forward power. - The spring line prevents the forward motion of
the boat and swings the stern away from the dock. - Once clear, the line is released and the boat is
placed in reverse gear and steered away from the
dock.
40Leaving a Pier with an Aft Spring Line
- An aft bow spring line is placed from the bow of
the sailboat to the dock. - With an aft bow spring, the wheel is initially
turned away from the pier (tiller towards the
pier) to hold the boat against the pier. - To pull away from the pier, turn the wheel
towards the pier (tiller away from the pier) and
give a small amount of forward power. - The spring line prevents the forward motion of
the boat and swings the stern away from the dock. - Once clear, the line is released and the boat is
placed in reverse gear and steered away from the
dock. - Place in forward gear to leave the marina
41Docking in a Slip - Wind Forward
- This is one of the easier docking situations.
- Using forward intermittent thrust and minimum
speed to maintain steerage, slowly enter the
slip. - The wind can be used as the ship's brake and will
not cause prop-walk. - Instead of using reverse, place the transmission
in neutral and the wind will blow boat back. - Secure the bow dock line first, since the stern
line will not prevent the backward drifting of
the sailboat.
42Docking in a Slip Wind Aft
- This is one of the hardest situations to dock a
heavy sailboat. - Reverse must often be used to prevent the boat
from approaching the slip to fast. - This will cause prop walk.
- It is best to have the docking platform on the
side that the prop-walk will push your boat. - It is always better to drift into the docking
platform than another boat.
43Entering a Slip Using Spring Lines
- If the wind is strong you may wish to approach
the end of the docking platform, and use two
spring lines to swing your boat into the slip. - Approach the end of the docking platform.
44Entering a Slip Using Spring Lines
- Approach the end of the docking platform.
- Attach forward quarter and aft bow spring lines.
- The forward quarter spring line determines how
far into the slip the sailboat will go and
prevents the stern from hitting the adjacent
sailboat
45Entering a Slip Using Spring Lines
- Approach the end of the docking platform.
- Attach forward and aft spring lines.
- The forward spring line determines how far into
the slip the sailboat will go and prevents the
stern from hitting the adjacent sailboat. - Apply intermittent reverse thrust
46Entering a Slip Using Spring Lines
- Approach the end of the docking platform.
- Attach forward quarter and aft bow spring lines.
- The forward spring line determines how far into
the slip the sailboat will go and prevents the
stern from hitting the adjacent sailboat. - Apply intermittent reverse thrust.
- Lengthening the forward quarter spring line
allows the boat to enter the slip.
47Entering a Slip Using Spring Lines
- Approach the end of the docking platform.
- Attach forward quarter and aft bow spring lines.
- The forward quarter spring line determines how
far into the slip the sailboat will go and
prevents the stern from hitting the adjacent
sailboat. - Apply intermittent reverse thrust.
- Lengthening the forward quarter spring line
allows the boat to enter the slip. - Finally, secure the boat to the docking platform
with the remaining lines.
48Docking in a Slip - Crosswind
- If the wind is light and the docking platform is
downwind this can be an easy approach. - In heaver winds or if another boat is downwind,
you may wish to approach the end of the docking
platform and use two spring lines to swing your
boat into the slip
49Leaving a Slip
- When backing out of a slip one must always
compensate for prop-walk and the momentum of the
sailboat. - Unlike driving a car, a sailboat does not
instantly change direction when the gears are
shifted from reverse to forward. - The wheel or tiller is adjusted according to the
direction of movement and not the direction of
the engine's thrust. - Intermittent thrust and minimum speed should be
used when leaving a dock. - One crew member should be on deck with a pole and
a fender to help prevent damage in the event of
an inadvertent collision.
50Leaving a Slip
- Slowly back out of the slip by using reverse
thrust. - Very slow acceleration and intermittent power
will help to reduce prop walk. - A right-hand prop will pull the stern to port.
51Leaving a Slip
- Slowly back out of the slip by using reverse
thrust. - Very slow acceleration and intermittent power
will help to reduce prop walk. - A right-hand prop will pull the stern to port.
- Turn the wheel toward (tiller away from) the
direction you wish to back out into the waterway.
52Leaving a Slip
- Slowly back out of the slip by using reverse
thrust. - Very slow acceleration and intermittent power
will help to reduce prop walk. - A right-hand prop will pull the stern to port.
- Turn the wheel toward (tiller away from) the
direction you wish to back out into the waterway. - Now use a small amount of forward thrust to slow
the backward movement of the boat. - Do not change the direction of the rudder until
the boat has stopped moving backwards.
53Leaving a Slip
- Slowly back out of the slip by using reverse
thrust. - Very slow acceleration and intermittent power
will help to reduce prop walk. - Turn the wheel toward (tiller away from) the
direction you wish to back out into the waterway. - Now use a small amount of forward thrust to slow
the backward movement of the boat. - Do not change the direction of the rudder until
the boat has stopped moving backwards. - Once the boat has stopped its backward drift,
place the rudder in midline and proceed down the
channel.
54Tossing a Dock Line the Coil
- Hold the line in your left hand and place it
under your left thumb. - Take about 5' of line in your right hand and give
it a half-twist clockwise, then bring the line
and place it in your left hand to form a coil. - The trick is to avoid figure eights.
- Continue placing the coils in your left hand
until the entire line is in your left hand. - Now take the last half of the coils in your right
hand and check to make sure the line pays out
freely. - Glance around to make sure the line wont catch
on anything. - Coming up short is usually the result of the coil
in the left hand snagging.
55Tossing a Dock Line the Swing
- With your feet shoulder-width apart, move your
left foot a few inches forward. - Swing the coils in your right hand backward far
enough so that when you come forward, you have
some momentum. - Toss the line with a sweeping, fluid motion, like
a roundhouse punch. - At the same time, move the left hand in the
direction of the target, and open your grip,
making the uncoiling of the line in that hand
easier. - The proper throwing motion will force you up onto
the balls of your left foot, while your right
foot recoils behind you like a bowler. - The line should pay out in an arc several feet
above the water. - The distance the line travels will depend on
fluidity and strength.
56Tossing a Dock Line the Finish
- If theres no dockside help, youll have to lasso
the deck ware. - Use a bowline with a 3' bight.
- Grasp the bowline and the standing part of the
line in your right hand, palm up. - Now do the same thing with your left hand about
2' below your right, but turn your palm down. The
coil that would have been in your left hand
should be on the deck near your left toe. - Turn your body sideways to the target, left foot
in front. - Now throw a roundhouse like a roundhouse.
- For perfect accuracy every time, keep your eyes
on the target. When it seems like everything is
happening in slow motion, youve done it right.
57Final Docking Tips
- Come in as parallel to the berth as you can.
- First set the after spring and stern lines.
- Then as the boat moves ahead and the bow swings
in, secure the bow line and forward spring. - You can also set the stern line first and motor
ahead gently to bring the bow in. - Avoid throwing your bow line to a helpful
volunteer on the quay. - Your helper is often likely to pull it tight thus
smash the bow into the pontoon. - It is often better to throw a spring line.
58Final Docking Tips
- When the wind is holding you off, bring the bow
in then set the bow line and forward spring. - Swing the stern in by backing down against the
spring line. - A standard right-handed propeller walks the
stern to starboard in forward gear and to port in
reverse. - When coming in on the port side kick the engine
into reverse this will bring the stern in. - When the wind is blowing in pull up nearly
parallel to the pier but with the bow slightly
out, as it will blow down faster.
59Final Docking Tips
- When berthing short-handed or singled-handed rig
two mooring ropes, one from the bow and one from
the stern, and step off the boat with those
lines. - Secure the boat first as fast as possible, and
then set your regular mooring lines. - Ensure everyone involved knows your plan.
- Prepare your ropes and fenders in advance.
- When you commit yourself DO NOT STOP THE BOAT.
- A common error is to stop just before entering
the berth, usually to line up. - On a windy day this could turn your well-prepared
approach into chaos. - Excessive speed is of course dangerous and should
be avoided. - Always plan an escape route in case things go
wrong. It is more seamanlike to abandon a bad
approach than to crash.