Review Session

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Review Session

• 3/2/2005

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History - question 1

• 1. William James pioneered a school of psychology
  that studied how the mind works in allowing an
  organism to adapt to the environment. This
  school of psychology is known as

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History - question 1

• A. Structuralism
• B. Psychoanalysis
• C. Behaviorism
• D. Functionalism

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Methods -- question 1

• 1. Harry hypothesizes that midterm exams make
  people unhappy. To test this hypothesis, he
  observes students taking midterm exams and
  records the number of times students frown while
  taking their exams. Frowning is Harrys ________
  of unhappiness.

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Methods -- question 1

• A. Critical incarnation
• B. Hypothetical representation
• C. Operational definition
• D. Theoretical manifestation

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Methods - question 2

• 2. Professor Hightower watches people on the
  Quad through her window. She does this to
  determine whether men or women are more likely to
  leave the paved walkway and cut across the grass
  to shorten their route. What kind of research is
  the Professor conducting?

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Methods - question 2

• A. Experiment
• B. Case Study
• C. Naturalistic observation
• D. Survey

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Methods -- question 3

• 3. To find out whether eating dorm food improves
  students ability to see in the dark, a
  researcher randomly assigns students to either a
  group (Group A) that only eats dorm food, or a
  group (Group B) that only eats home-cooked food.
  The researcher then tests each students ability
  to see in the dark. In this experiment the
  dependent variable is

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Methods - question 3

• A. Ability to see in the dark
• B. Type of food eaten
• C. Home-cooking
• D. Visual-acuity

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Methods -- question 4

• 4. In the experiment described in the previous
  question, Group B would be the _______ group

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Methods - question 4

• A. Control
• B. Experimental
• C. Independent
• D. Dependent

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Methods - question 5

• 5. Professor Minotaur studies how people escape
  from a maze. He is interested in how
  participants learn the path that will allow them
  to escape more quickly. However, he is not at
  all interested in participants mental processes
  during this task. Minotaurs approach to
  psychology is

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Methods - question 5

• A. Evolutionary
• B. Behavioral
• C. Biological
• D. Cognitive

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Statistics - question 1

• 1. Dr. Endomorph has discovered that caloric
  consumption and body mass are related a decrease
  in one predicts a decrease in the other. He
  calculates a correlation coefficient in order to
  quantify the relationship. Which of these values
  could be the one Endomorph calculated, assuming
  his calculations are correct?

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Statistics - question 1

• A. .25
• B. -.25
• C. 1.25
• D. -1.25

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Development - question 1

• Little Molly looks at her new shirt on which a
  large smiling face appears and says the shirt is
  happy. According to Piaget, Molly is
  displaying

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Development - question 1

• A. Animism
• B. Conservation
• C. Object permanence
• D. A concrete operation

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Development - question 2

• 2. Bart is especially bored in school today. He
  wants to leave the classroom to go play outside,
  but he doesnt because he is afraid that Ms.
  Crabapple will punish him severely. According to
  Kohlberg, Bart is most likely in which stage of
  moral development?

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Development - question 2

• Conventional
• Preconventional
• Postconventional
• Formal conventional

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Development - question 3

• 3. Newborn infants are able to see, however
  their vision is imperfect. Which of the
  following is characteristic of a newborns vision?

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Development - question 3

• Ability to perceive depth
• Preference for looking at small, far away objects
• Ability to make quick, smooth eye movements
• Preference for looking at human faces

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Development - question 4

• 4. Grandpa Simpsons mental functioning has
  suddenly declined sharply. He no longer
  remembers when to take his medicine and cannot
  keep track of his money. This rapid
  deterioration of cognitive abilities toward the
  end of ones life is called

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Development - question 4

• Generativity
• Elderly stagnation
• Terminal drop
• Object permanence

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Development - question 5

• 5. You conduct research studying infant
  temperament. Your first research participant is
  a newborn named Adam. You observe that Adam
  reacts wearily to new situations, but becomes
  more calm and happy as time goes on. Adams
  temperament is best classified as

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Development - question 5

• Easy
• Disorganized
• Difficult
• Slow-to-warm-up

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Development - question 6

• 6. Kimmy becomes extremely upset and cries every
  time her mother leaves her at preschool.
  However, when Kimmys mom returns for her Kimmy
  becomes angry and squirms out of her Moms arms.
  Kimmy can best be characterized as having a (n)
  ________ attachment.

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Development - question 6

• Secure
• Avoidant
• Disorganized
• Ambivalent

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Development - question 7

• 7. Robs parents have set a curfew time for him,
  which he has to obey daily. However, they are
  understanding when Robs car breaks down and he
  comes home late. They make the decision not to
  ground him this time. Robs parents most likely
  have a (n) _________ parenting style

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Development - question 7

• Authoritative
• Permissive
• Authoritarian
• Negligent

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Development - question 8

• 8. Three-year-old Mark goes to a nice restaurant
  for the first time. When he gets his food, he
  says Yummy! McDonalds! because that is the only
  restaurant where he has eaten. According to
  Piaget, Mark is demonstrating

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Development - question 8

• Egocentrism
• Assimilation
• Accomodation
• Conservation

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Development - question 9

• 9. At age 27, Benjamin feels he doesnt know
  himself very well and has no clue what he wants
  to do with his life. He has not picked a career
  yet and keeps changing jobs. According to
  Erikson, Benjamin is most likely in the ________
  stage of psychosocial development.

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Development - question 9

• Autonomy versus shame and doubt
• Initiative versus guilt
• Identity versus role confusion
• Generativity versus stagnation

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Biology - question 1

• 1. Sometimes when Samantha gets dressed in the
  morning, her right hand will button a shirt and
  then the left hand will immediately unbutton it.
  She cannot verbally identify objects in her left
  hand when she is blindfolded. Which part of her
  brain is most likely damaged?

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Biology - question 1

• Corpus callosum
• Wernickes area
• Brocas area
• Right motor cortex

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Biology - question 2

• 2. Dave has been exhibiting symptoms similar to
  those of someone with Parkinsons disease. This
  may be due to a problem in pathways that use the
  neurotransmitter

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Biology - question 2

• Dopamine
• Norepinephrine
• Serotonin
• Acetylcholine

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Biology - question 3

• 3. You dont get your messages to me in time,
  complained one neuron to a neighbor. You should
  _________ in order to send messages more quickly.

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Biology - question 3

• Depolarize less often
• Keep your sodium gates closed
• Remove your myelin
• Shorten your refractory period

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Biology - question 4

• 4. You are a reporter who is watching an action
  potential in progress. Which of the following
  statements should you broadcast to your listeners
  to best describe what youre witnessing?
  Currently I see

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Biology - question 4

• An electrical impulse shooting from an axon to a
  dendrite.
• Mitochondria move toward a synapse.
• Sodium ions rushing in as gates open one after
  another along the axon.
• Many more negative ions inside than there were
  previously.

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Biology - question 5

• 5. Maria is walking through the woods when she
  encounters a wolf. Her heart rate, breathing
  rate, and muscle tension increase dramatically.
  Marias ________ nervous system was activated.

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Biology - question 5

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic
• Somatic
• Peripheral

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Sensation - question 1

• 1. Which of the following best fits the doctrine
  of specific nerve energies?

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Sensation - question 1

• Abigail feels dizzy when she stands up too
  quickly.
• Betty cannot see colors in dim light
• The nerve endings in Chucks fingers were damaged
  by extreme cold.
• When Darryls auditory nerve was stimulated
  electrically, he heard a tone.

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Sensation - question 2

• 2. Calvin and Hobbes have been shrunk down to
  microscopic size inside their babysitters eye.
  They decide to disable her ability to see the
  sharp edges and contrasts in her visual field
  without destroying her basic ability to see.
  They should destroy her _______ ability.

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Sensation - question 2

• Lateral inhibition
• Convergence
• Parallel processing
• Dark adaptation

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Sensation - question 3

• 3. If you want to raise the pitch of Bobby
  Knights voice so that it can only be heard by
  dogs, you would need to decrease its

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Sensation - question 3

• Wavelength
• Frequency
• Amplitude
• Timbre

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Sensation - question 4

• 4. Which of the following supports the
  opponent-process theory of color vision?

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Sensation - question 4

• We cannot see bluish-yellow or reddish-green
• We can obtain all hues with red, green and blue
  light.
• We have a concentration of cones in the fovea.
• Our visual systems actually enhance contrasts in
  our visual field.

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Perception - question 1

• 1. Mark began to feel as if he were becoming
  disembodied because he could no longer feel where
  his body parts were in relation to each other.
  He has lost the _________ sense.

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Perception - question 1

• Touch
• Vestibular
• Gustation
• Kinesthesia

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Perception - question 2

• 2. While making a brand new recipe last week,
  Lisa accidentally poured in a cup of salt instead
  of the required teaspoon. She decided to serve
  the new dish and hope nobody noticed. Her family
  took a big bite and immediately spit it into
  their napkins. Lisas family primarily relied on
  ________ to conclude the new dish was unfit for
  consumption.

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Perception - question 2

• Expectancy
• Bottom-up processing
• Geons
• Top-down processing

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Perception - question 3

• 3. Darren is riding his Harley without a helmet.
  A bug flies in his mouth and is driven deep into
  his brain, destroying his thalamus. His sense of
  _________ will not be affected.

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Perception - question 3

• Smell
• Sight
• Hearing
• Taste

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Perception - question 4

• 4. Amanda is riding in a car on a straight, flat
  road to Chicago, and she notices that the road
  appears to get smaller and smaller off in the
  distance, but when she gets up to that point, the
  road is the same size as it was before! This is
  best explained by the depth cues of

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Perception - question 4

• Reduced clarity
• Interposition
• Linear perspective
• Movement gradient

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Perception - question 5

• 5. Barbie loves to listen to Rush Limbaugh on
  the radio, but her roommate becomes violently ill
  whenever she hears his voice. Barbie has to keep
  the volume low in order to listen to Rush
  whenever her roommate is home. Barbie has to
  keep the volume on her radio below her roommates
  _______ in order to keep her roommate from
  getting sick.

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Perception - question 5

• Relative threshold
• Absolute threshold
• Webers threshold
• Fechners difference

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Consciousness - question 1

• 1. Cyril has been asleep for 40 minutes but
  Angus cant sleep. He tries to wake up Cyril,
  but has difficulty rousing him. Cyril is most
  likely in ______ sleep.

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Consciousness - question 1

• Stage 1
• Stage 3
• Stage 4
• REM

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Consciousness - question 2

• 2. A hypnotist wants to choose the best hypnotic
  subject from her audience. Who should she choose?

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Consciousness - question 2

• Jethro, a scatterbrained but friendly man who
  volunteers and seems eager to be hypnotized.
• Antha, a bright young artist whose friends
  volunteer her.
• Hubie, a quick thinking, serious banker who
  doesnt believe in hypnosis
• Deirdre, a teacher of yoga and meditation, who is
  currently writing her second science fiction
  novel.

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Consciousness - question 3

• 3. While dreaming she is climbing a rope,
  Sheandra jerks her arms and legs as though she is
  climbing, literally dragging the sheets and
  blankets off the bed. Sheandra has

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Consciousness - question 3

• Sleep apnea
• Sleepwalking
• Narcolepsy
• REM behavior disorder

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Consciousness - question 4

• 4. Jardine is trying to decide what to wear
  today. Now, what did I wear yesterday?, she
  wonders to herself. Oh yeah, it was my black
  dress. Better not wear black again today, that
  would be really uncool! Until she started
  wondering about it, the information about what
  Jardine wore yesterday existed at the ______
  level of consciousness.

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Consciousness - question 4

• Nonconscious
• Subconscious
• Preconscious
• Conscious

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Learning - question 1

• 1. Marie salivates each time she eats cake.
  Prior to each time she eats cake, she sees her
  husband, Louis XVI. After several instances of
  seeing Louis prior to eating cake, she has now
  come to salivate whenever she sees Louis. In
  this example, Louis is the

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Learning - question 1

• Conditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned stimulus
• Conditioned response
• Unconditioned response

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Learning - question 2

• 2. In the previous example, Marie will most
  likely salivate after seeing Louis if

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Learning - question 2

• She sees Louis immediately after she eats the
  cake, instead of before.
• Salivation follows the sight of Louis only some
  of the time.
• The salivation that is caused by eating the cake
  is very strong.
• The cake is a very large and attractive one.

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Learning - question 3

• 3. Random, the dog, loves rubber balls.
  Whenever he sees one, he grabs it and starts to
  play with it. Recently, when he saw an orange on
  the counter he whined and tried to get his owner
  to give it to him so that he could play with it.
  This is an example of

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Learning - question 3

• Stimulus discrimination
• Shaping
• Stimulus conditioning
• Stimulus generalization

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Learning - question 4

• 4. Bobby has a terrible habit of biting his
  fingernails. To encourage Bobby to quit, his
  parents decide to paint his nails with a clear
  but extremely sour-tasting liquid. Now, every
  time Bobby puts his fingers in his mouth he gets
  a taste of the liquid. Bobbys parents are using
  ________ to help him quit biting his nails.

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Learning - question 4

• Avoidance conditioning
• Escape conditioning
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment

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Learning - question 5

• 5. Every time the papergirl says to her
  customers, I want my 2 dollars!, her customers
  give her money. In this example, saying I want
  my 2 dollars! is a (n)

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Learning - question 5

• Operant
• Effect
• Effector
• Reinforcer

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Learning - question 6

• 6. Tonikas neighbor often plays loud annoying
  music. When Tonika pounds on the wall the music
  stops. The type of reinforcement that Tonika
  receives for pounding on the wall is _________
  reinforcement and this is an example of ________
  conditioning.

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Learning - question 6

• Negative, avoidance
• Negative, escape
• Positive, avoidance
• Postive, escape

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Learning - question 7

• 7. Angel, Santas most special elf, makes the
  little pieces of coal that go to all the really
  naughty kids. Santa rewards Angel with a cookie
  exactly every 60 seconds, regardless of how many
  coals Angel has made in that time. In this
  example, Santa is rewarding Angel on a ________
  schedule.

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Learning - question 7

• Fixed-ratio
• Variable-ratio
• Fixed-interval
• Variable-interval

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Learning - question 8

• Seans father rewarded the family dog, Bingo,
  with a treat when she fetched the morning paper.
  The next day Sean came crawling on all fours with
  the paper in his mouth. He dropped the paper at
  his Dads feet and said Im ready for my treat!
  This illustrates

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Learning - question 8

• Negative reinforcement
• Cognitive maps
• Vicarious learning
• Classical conditioning