Modern Times: The 1920s

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Chapter 23

• Modern Times The 1920s

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The Era of the Twenties

• Beginning in 1919 the United States entered an
  era of isolation and self-indulgence. We know
  it as the roaring twenties or the lost
  generation. But there are other labels that
  describe the era also The age of Hedonism
• Jazz age
• Era Prohibition
• Era of Gangsters
• Era of the New Ku Klux Klan

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A Mississippi KKK initiation 1923
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KKK in Chicago 1920s
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Alphonse Capone (1899-1947)
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John Dillinger 1902-1934)
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Twenties Continued

• The era of the Red Scare
• A. Mitchell Palmer
• J. Edgar Hoover
• The Election of 1920, Americans were tired of
  Wilsons high moral style and instead wanted a
  more human president, they wanted a party man
  instead got a putty man.

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Alexander Mitchell Palmer (1872-1936)
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Business and Governmentin the 1920s.

• The economy
• Americas transition from war to peacetime
  economy.
• Recession of 1920-21.
• The age of consumer products
• Automobiles, homes, appliances,electricity,
  radios, aircraft and movies.
• Weakness of the economyIncome distribution, some
  industries ailing, Farmers plight.

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Election of 1920

• The Republicans nominated for president Warren
  Gamaliel Harding, from Ohio and Gov. Calvin
  Coolidge from Massachusetts for Vice-president.
• The nation wanted a simpler time, they were tired
  of high ideals, high morals and of being noble.

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Election of 1920

• Harding was probably the worst president the
  United States has had in terms of morals and
  leadership. He had spent more time playing poker
  than politics and chasing women than ideals or
  goals. Nan Britton became the unofficial first
  lady of the Harding administration.

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Warren Gamaliel Harding (1865-1923)
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Election of 1920

• The Democratic Party had somewhat of a difficult
  time selecting a candidate for president, not
  because none were available but because Wilson
  unofficially was seeking a third term. However
  after some time they chose for President James M.
  Cox former governor of Ohio and Franklin D.
  Roosevelt for Vice-president.

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Election of 1920

• President Wilson had made the election of 1920 a
  referendum for the League of Nations, that the
  ticket of Cox and Roosevelt didnt stand a chance
  of winning the election. Harding won 404
  electoral vote to 127 to Cox.
• The Cabinet of President Warren G. Harding
  Secty. Of State, Charles Evans Hughes Secty. Of
  Treasury, Andrew Mellon Secty. Of Commerce,
  Herbert Hoover.

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Harding Presidency

• Hardings Presidency is full of scandals and
  corruption. It was said of Harding that he
  couldnt tell a liar. The following two
  scandals are indicative of his administration.
• The Tea-pot dome scandal
• Secty. Of Interior Albert B. Fall
• Harry F. Sinclair
• Edward L. Doheny
• Veterans Bureau Scandal
• Charles R. Forbes

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Tea-pot Dome principals Fall and Edward L.
Dohney.
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Harding

• President Harding died on 2 August 1923 on the
  return trip from Alaska. The official cause was
  listed as pneumonia and apoplexy. Some have said
  that Mrs.. Harding found out about Nan Britton
  and had him poisoned. However no proof of that
  has ever been found.

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Calvin coolidge (1872-1933)
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Foreign Policy of Harding

• America was deeply into an isolationists posture
  during the Harding, Coolidge, Hoover and early in
  the Roosevelt era. The legislation that follows
  reflects that attitude.
• The Washington Conference 1921
• The Five Power Treaty 1922, set the ratio of
  capital ship by the signers of the treaty. The
  United States, Great Britain and Japan ratio was
  set at 5.5.3 . Italy and France were set at
  1.75-1.75

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World Disarmament Conference of 1921 in Washington
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Foreign Policy Continued

• Four Power Treaty The United States, Britain,
  France and Japan. Agreed to respect each others
  rights in the Pacific.
• The Nine Power Treaty The respect Chinas
  independence and territorial integrity and the
  open door policy.
• The Kellogg-Briand Pact 1927 Between the United
  States and France, to renounce war as an
  instrument of national policy.

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Aristide Briand (1862-1932) Frank B Kellogg
(1856-1937)
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Coolidge approach to spending
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Election 1928

• The republicans nominated for the Presidency
  Herbert C. Hoover and Charles R. Curtis for
  Vice-president.
• The democrats nominated Alfred E. Smith for
  President and Joseph T. Robinson for
  Vice-president.
• Results Hoover 444 Electoral Votes to Smiths
  87. Hoover by a landslide.

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Herbert Hoover

• Hoover was ready for the presidency.
• He was born in West Branch, Iowa on 10 Aug. 1874
  and died in New York City on 20 Oct. 1964.
• Graduated from Stanford University in 1895 with a
  degree in Mining engineering. He traveled
  extensively due to his degree. He also became a
  millionaire in the process.
• During WWI he headed the Food Administration.

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Hoover Continued

• During the Harding and Coolidge Presidencies he
  was Sectry. Of Commerce. None of the recent
  Presidents had this kind of experience.
• His Vice-president was Charles R. Curtis.
• The Democrats nominated Al Smith and Sen. Joseph
  T. Robinson (Ark) for Vice-president.

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Herbert Clark Hoover (1874-1964)
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Alfred E. Smith (1873-1944)