Principles of Information Systems Eighth Edition

1
Principles of Information SystemsEighth Edition

• Chapter 7
• The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• The Internet is like many other technologiesit
  provides a wide range of services, some of which
  are effective and practical for use today, others
  that are still evolving, and still others that
  will fade away from lack of use
• Briefly describe how the Internet works,
  including alternatives for connecting to it and
  the role of Internet service providers

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Originally developed as a document-management
  system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system
  that is easy to use for personal and business
  applications
• Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works
• Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,
  and other Web tools
• Identify and briefly describe the applications
  associated with the Internet and the Web

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are
  becoming more universally used and accepted for
  business use, management, service and speed,
  privacy, and security issues must continually be
  addressed and resolved
• Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
  and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web
  shopping
• Outline a process for creating Web content
• Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on
  the software world

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Define the terms intranet and extranet and
  discuss how organizations are using them
• Identify several issues associated with the use
  of networks

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Why Learn About the Internet?

• Internet is an important part of most peoples
  lives
• Individuals can investigate career opportunities
• Businesses sell and advertise online
• Employees can communicate with coworkers and
  bosses

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Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet a collection of interconnected
  networks, all freely exchanging information
• ARPANET
• Ancestor of the Internet
• Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
  (DoD) in 1969

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Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)

• Internet Protocol (IP) communication standard
  that enables traffic to be routed from one
  network to another as needed
• Research to make Internet faster and easier to
  use
• Digital objects allow all types of computer
  systems to use and share programs and data
• Internet2 (I2), Next Generation Internet (NGI),
  Abilene provide Internet speeds of up to 2 Gbps
  or more

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Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Table 7.1 A Brief History of the Internet
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How the Internet Works

• Internet transmits data from one computer (called
  a host) to another
• If the receiving computer is on a network to
  which the first computer is directly connected,
  it can send the message directly
• If the receiving computer is not on a network to
  which the sending computer is connected, the
  sending computer relays the message to another
  computer that can forward it

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How the Internet Works (continued)

• Data is passed in chunks called packets
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) widely used
  transport layer protocol that is used in
  combination with IP by most Internet applications
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) assigned address
  on the Internet for each computer

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How the Internet Works (continued)

• Accessing the Internet
• Connect via LAN server
• Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol
  (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Connect via an online service
• Other ways to connect cell phones, PDAs, and home
  appliances e.g., wireless application protocol
  (WAP) for cell phones

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How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.1 Routing Messages over the Internet
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Table 7.2 U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.2 Internet Growth Number of Internet
Domain Names
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.3 Several Ways to Access the Internet
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Internet Service Providers

• Internet service provider (ISP) any company that
  provides individuals or organizations with access
  to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee
• Many ISPs and online services offer broadband
  Internet access through digital subscriber lines
  (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission

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Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.3 A Representative List of Internet
Service Providers
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Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.4 Approximate Times to Perform Basic
Tasks with Various Internet Connections
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The World Wide Web

• Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
• Menu-based system that uses the client/server
  model
• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world
  into a series of menu pages, or screens, that
  appear on your computer
• Hypermedia tools that connect the data on Web
  pages, allowing users to access topics in
  whatever order they wish

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The World Wide Web (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) standard page
  description language for Web pages
• HTML tags let the browser know how to format
  text on a Web page and whether images, sound, and
  other elements should be inserted
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language
  for Web documents containing structured
  information, including words, pictures, and other
  elements

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The World Wide Web (continued)
Figure 7.4 Sample Hypertext Markup Language
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Web Browsers

• Web browser software that creates a unique,
  hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen,
  providing a graphical interface to the Web
• Menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with
  hypertext links
• Popular Web browsers Microsoft Internet
  Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox,
  Apple Computers Safari
• Applet small program embedded in Web pages
• Web browser plug-in external program that is
  executed by a Web browser when it is needed

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Search Engines and Web Research

• Search engine Web search tool
• Examples Yahoo.com, Google.com
• Most search engines are free
• Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to
  refine the search
• Meta-search engine submits keywords to several
  individual search engines and returns results
  from all these search engines

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Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
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Web Programming Languages

• Java
• Object-oriented programming language from Sun
  Microsystems based on C
• Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
  within an HTML document

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Web Programming Languages (continued)
Figure 7.6 Downloading an Applet from a Web
Server
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Web Programming Languages (continued)

• Other programming languages used to develop Web
  sites
• JavaScript
• VBScript
• ActiveX
• Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

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Developing Web Content

• Suggestions for creating a Web page
• Computer must be linked to a Web server
• Web browser program needed to view the HTML pages
  you create
• Options for designing the Web page
• Write your copy with a word processor, and use an
  HTML converter to convert the page into HTML
  format
• Use an HTML editor to write text and add HTML
  tags
• Edit an existing HTML template to meet your needs
  
• Use an ordinary text editor and type the start
  and end tags for each item

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Developing Web Content (continued)

• Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued)
• See HTML page in browser correct any mistakes
• Add links to your home page
• Store pictures as files before adding them
• Draw them using a graphics software package
• Copy pictures from other Web pages (with
  permission)
• Buy a disk of clip art
• Scan photos
• Use a digital camera

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Developing Web Content (continued)

• Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued)
• Add sound by using a microphone connected to your
  computer to create a file, and then adding a link
  to the file on a Web page
• Upload the HTML file to your Web site
• Review the Web page to make sure that all links
  are correctly established to other Web sites
• Advertise your Web page to others and encourage
  them to take a look and send feedback by e-mail

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Web Services

• Web services standards and tools that streamline
  and simplify communication among Web sites for
  business and personal purposes
• XML is used within a Web page to describe and
  transfer data between Web service applications

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Web Services (continued)

• Other components used in Web service
  applications
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
• UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and
  Integration)

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Internet and Web Applications

• The types of Internet and Web applications
  available are vast and ever expanding

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Business Uses of the Web

• In 1991, Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX)
  Association was established to allow businesses
  to connect to the Internet
• Firms use the Internet for many types of
  applications

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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology

• E-mail
• No longer limited to simple text messages
• Can embed sound and images
• Can attach files
• Instant messaging online, real-time
  communication between two or more people who are
  connected to the Internet
• Push technology automatic transmission of
  information over the Internet rather than make
  users search for it with their browsers

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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
(continued)
Table 7.7 Some Common Abbreviations Used in
Personal E-Mail
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Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers

• Cell phones connected to the Internet allow
  people to search for information, buy products,
  and chat with business associates and friends
• Short Message Service (SMS) or texting
• Brief text messages can be sent between two or
  more cell phone users
• Handheld computers and other devices are
  connected to the Internet using phone lines or
  wireless connections

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Career Information and Job Searching

• Use search engines to look for specific companies
  or industries
• Internet sites specialize in helping you find job
  information and apply for jobs online
• Examples www.monster.com, www.hotjobs.com, and
  www.careerbuilder.com

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Telnet and FTP

• Telnet terminal emulation protocol that enables
  users to log on to other computers on the
  Internet to gain access to public files
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) protocol that
  describes a file transfer process between a host
  and a remote computer and allows users to copy
  files from one computer to another

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Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting

• Web log or blog Web site that people create and
  use to write about their observations,
  experiences, and feelings on a wide range of
  topics
• Video log or vlog video content placed on the
  Internet using the same overall approach as a
  blog
• Podcast audio broadcast over the Internet
• People and corporations use podcasts to listen to
  audio material, increase revenues, or advertise
  products and services

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Usenet and Newsgroups

• Usenet system closely allied with the Internet
  that uses e-mail to provide a centralized news
  service
• Protocol that describes how groups of messages
  can be stored on and sent between computers
• Newsgroups online discussion groups that focus
  on specific topics

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Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)
Table 7.8 Selected Usenet Newsgroups
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Chat Rooms

• Chat room enables two or more people to engage
  in interactive conversations over the Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) requires participants
  to type their conversation rather than speak
• Voice chat allows participants to speak their
  conversation
• Must have a microphone, sound card, speakers, a
  fast modem or broadband, and voice-chat software
  compatible with the other participants

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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services

• Internet phone service
• Relatively inexpensive, especially for
  international calls
• Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
• Network managers can route phone calls and fax
  transmissions over the same network they use for
  data
• Internet videoconferencing
• Supports both voice and visual communications
• Webcasts or Webinars

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Content Streaming

• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
  broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
• Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or
  less continuously without a break, or with very
  few breaks
• Enables users to browse large files in real time
• Works best when the transmission of a file can
  keep up with the playback of the file

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Shopping on the Web

• You can shop for almost anything over the
  Internet
• Convenient, easy, and cost effective
• Many Web sites also offer free shipping and
  pickup for returned items
• Bot a software tool that searches the Web for
  information, products, or prices
• Finds the best prices or features from multiple
  Web sites

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Web Auctions

• Web auction Internet site that matches buyers
  and sellers
• Businesses grow or reach customers for a low cost
  per transaction
• One of the most popular auction sites eBay
• Potential problems with auction Web sites
• Auction sites cannot always determine whether the
  people and companies listing products and
  services are legitimate
• Some Web sites have illegal or questionable items
  offered

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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet

• Audio and video programs play on the Internet or
  download files for later use
• Music players and music formats such as MP3
  download music from the Internet and listen to it
  anywhere
• Musicians can gain exposure without a lucrative
  music contract
• Radio broadcasts
• Audio books

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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
(continued)

• Video and TV are increasingly becoming available
  on the Internet
• New, innovative devices let you record TV
  programs and view them at any time and place
• Many content providers offer their programs over
  the Internet

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Office on the Web

• Internet office Web site that contains files,
  phone numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment
  calendar, and more
• Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
  appointment schedulers, and other important
  information to be with you wherever you are
• Many services and software products give you
  remote access to your files and programs over the
  Internet

52
Internet Sites in Three Dimensions

• Some Web sites offer three-dimensional views of
  places and products
• Examples
• 3-D Internet auto showroom allows people to get
  different views of a car
• 3-D real estate site people can tour the
  property, go into different rooms, etc.

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Other Internet Services and Applications

• Libraries provide vast amounts of information
• Movies ordered and delivered over the Internet
• Critical information during times of disaster or
  terrorism
• Translation words, sentences, or complete
  documents from one language into another

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Other Internet Services and Applications
(continued)

• Distance learning online courses
• Internet cameras conduct job interviews hold
  group meetings with people around the world
  monitor young children at daycare centers, etc.
• Connect with friends or others with similar
  interests

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Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet internal corporate network built using
  Internet and World Wide Web standards and
  products
• Used by employees to gain access to corporate
  information
• Reduces the need for paper

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Intranets and Extranets (continued)

• Extranet network based on Web technologies that
  links selected resources of a companys intranet
  with its customers, suppliers, or other business
  partners
• Virtual private network (VPN) secure connection
  between two points across the Internet
• Tunneling process by which VPNs transfer
  information by encapsulating traffic in IP
  packets over the Internet

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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Table 7.9 Summary of Internet, Intranet, and
Extranet Users
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Net Issues

• Management issues
• Preventing attacks
• Service and speed issues
• Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
  company intranets
• Privacy
• Fraud
• Security
• Unauthorized Internet sites

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Summary

• Internet collection of interconnected networks,
  all freely exchanging information
• Internet Protocol (IP) communication standard
  that enables traffic to be routed from one
  network to another as needed
• Packets Internet data passed in chunks
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) widely used
  transport layer protocol that is used in
  combination with IP by most Internet applications

60
Summary (continued)

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) assigned address
  on the Internet for each computer
• World Wide Web menu-based system that organizes
  Internet resources into a series of menu pages,
  or screens, that appear on your computer
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) standard page
  description language for Web pages
• Search engine Web search tool
• Internet and Web applications e-mail, instant
  messaging, Internet cell phones, Web logs,
  newsgroups, Web shopping, etc.

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Summary (continued)

• Intranet internal corporate network built using
  Internet and World Wide Web standards
• Extranet network based on Web technologies that
  links selected resources of a companys intranet
  with its customers, suppliers, or other business
  partners
• Network issues management, service, speed,
  privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized
  Internet sites