Chapter 4, Part II

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Chapter 4, Part II

• The American Revolution

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Britain Pays for the War
3
Britain Imposes New Laws Taxes

• Pontiacs War Pontiac was an Ottawa chief that
  spoke out against the British and the colonists
  that moved into their areas, in April 1763 he led
  an attack on the British at Ft. Detroit, within a
  few months they captured most of the British
  forts on the frontier the war ended in October
  1763 when the French and Indian War ended
• Proclamation of 1763 an imaginary line along the
  crest of the Appalachian Mountains, colonists
  were forbidden to settle west of the line,
  Britain placed 10,000 troops along the line to
  enforce the law
• The war plunged Britain into debt, in order to
  pay for the war taxes for British citizens were
  increased, British PM George Grenville decided
  that American colonists should help share the
  burden, he reasoned that it was the colonists who
  had gained most from the war

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Proclamation of 1763
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Sugar Act and the Stamp Act

• Sugar Act, 1764 Grenville asked Parliament to
  place a tax upon molasses, replaced an earlier
  tax which would have driven many merchants out of
  business the new tax was lower and the law made
  it easier for smugglers to go to trial
• Stamp Act, 1765 placed new duties on legal
  documents such as wills, diplomas, and marriage
  papers, also taxed newspapers and almanacs

• No Taxation without Representation when
  British officials attempted to collect taxes they
  were met by resistance British wondered why
  Americans were so upset? Because they had no say
  in what they were being taxed for
• Americans petitioned King George III to repeal
  the taxes and they also imposed a boycott upon
  British goods and services
• 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act

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Townshend Acts

• In 1767 Townshend Acts were passed taxed goods
  such as glass, paper, paint, lead and tea
• Taxes were low but the colonists protested under
  the principle that Parliament did not have the
  right to tax them without their consent
• The Townshend Acts also set up new ways to
  collect taxes sent customs officials to the
  American ports and were allowed to inspect cargo
• Colonists met and promised not to import goods
  taxed by the Townshend Act
• In March 1770 Boston colonists threw snowballs
  colonists, soldiers fired into the crowds and
  killed five civilians including a freed slave
  named Crispus Attucks
• By 1773 Parliament had repealed the Townshend
  Acts, except for the tax on tea, in protest, the
  Sons of Liberty boarded a transport in Boston
  harbor dressed as Indians and threw the tea on
  board into the harbor

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Chapter 4 Quiz, Part II

• In 1773, Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts,
  except for the tax on what item?
• When British tax collectors were met with
  resistance, what was the rallying cry of the
  Americans?
• Along what mountain range did the Proclamation of
  1763 extend?
• In 1763, what fort, and future city, did Pontiac
  attack?
• What groups of Americans dressed up as Indians
  and threw tea off of a ship into Boston harbor?

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The Boston Massacre
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The Boston Tea Party
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The Intolerable Acts, Part I

• The British were outraged by what they saw as
  Bostons lawless behavior in 1774 Parliament
  acted to punish Massachusetts
• 1st Parliament shut down the port of Boston, no
  ship could enter or leave the harbor, the harbor
  would remain closed until the colonists paid for
  the tea
• 2nd Parliament forbade MA colonists from holding
  town meetings more than once a year without the
  governors permission
• 3rd Parliament provided for customs officers and
  other officials charged with crimes to be tried
  in Britain instead of MA
• 4th Parliament passed a new Quartering Act no
  longer would the Redcoats camp on Boston Common,
  instead the commanders could force citizens to
  house the troops

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The Intolerable Acts, Part II
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First Continental Congress, 1774

• In Sept. 1774, colonial leaders met in
  Philadelphia, delegates from 12 colonies gathered
  in what became known as the 1st Continental
  Congress, only GA did not send representatives
• Passed a resolution backing MA, agreed to boycott
  all British goods and to stop exporting goods to
  Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed,
  each colony also encouraged to set up its own
  militia agreed to meet again in May 1775

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Lexington and Concord, Part I
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Lexington and Concord, Part II

• April 18, 1775 800 British troops left Boston
  under cover of darkness set out for Lexington
  and Concord in an attempt to capture weapons
• Paul Revere and several other riders went ahead
  and warned the colonists that the British were
  coming
• At Lexington, 70 minutemen stood up against the
  British and after several shots ran away
• At Concord, 300 minutemen met the British, the
  British were forced to retreat and as they
  marched back to Boston, American sharpshooters
  shot the Redcoats 73 British killed and over 200
  wounded or missing

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Early Battles

• May 1775 Ethan Allen led a group of Vermonters
  known as the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise
  attack on Fort Ticonderoga, forced the British to
  surrender and captured quite a few cannon
• June 1775 the Continental Congress set up the
  Continental Army under the leadership of George
  Washington
• Congress attempted to patch up the quarrel with
  Britain by sending the Olive Branch Petition
  Congress declared its loyalty to King George and
  asked him to repeal the Intolerable Acts instead
  of accepting the plea for peace the king vowed to
  bring the rebels to justice
• June 16, 1775 1200 minutemen under the
  leadership of Colonel William Prescott surrounded
  Boston on Breeds Hill British General William
  Howe led 2400 Redcoats against the position,
  suffered heavy losses in the assault (1000 dead
  or wounded) but still took the position
• Within weeks, 16,000 troops under the leadership
  of Washington entrenched around Boston and forced
  the British to abandon the city

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Colonial Divisions and British Problems

• Patriots those Americans who opposed aspects of
  British rule that they considered harsh and
  unjust were poorly organized and untrained, had
  few cannons, little gunpowder and no navy the
  Patriots, however, owned rifles and were good
  shots would fight hard to protect their homes
  also had George Washington
• Loyalists also called Tories, supported the king

• The British faced several problems in their
  attempt to subdue the colonists
• Britains armies were 3000 miles away, news and
  supplies took months to travel from Britain to N.
  America, British soldiers risked attack when they
  marched out of the cities and into the
  countryside
• Even though they faced these problems, the
  British had the best navy in the world and had
  highly trained troops

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March on Canada

• Fall 1775 two American armies moved north into
  Canada in an attempt to capture the province
• Richard Montgomery led one army from Ft.
  Ticonderoga to Montreal and seized the city in
  November 1775, he then moved to Quebec Benedict
  Arnold led the second army north through Maine
  and was supposed to join forces with Montgomery
• Dec. 31, 1775 the two armies attacked Quebec and
  were defeated Montgomery killed and Arnold
  wounded, Americans stayed outside Quebec until
  May 1776

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Second Continental Congress
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Declaration of Independence, Part I
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Declaration of Independence, Part II

• Continental Congress set up a committee to draw
  up a declaration of independence included John
  Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson,
  Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman Thomas
  Jefferson was picked to write the document
• July 2, 1776 Congress voted that the 13 colonies
  were free and independent states, on July 4 the
  delegates accepted Jeffersons Declaration of
  Independence
• The Declaration consists of a preamble
  (introduction) followed by three main parts
• First part of the Declaration stresses the idea
  of natural rights, or rights that belong to all
  people from birth
• The second part lists the wrongs committed by
  Britain and the King
• The third part announces that the colonies
  declare their independence

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Fighting in the Middle States
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Valley Forge
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War in the South
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The War in Georgia, Part I

• Battle of Kettle Creek, 1779 Georgians led by
  Colonel Elijah Clarke defeated 800 British
  troops the militia was able to take needed
  weapons and supplies from the British GAs
  success was short-lived because the British won a
  major victory at Briar Creek a month later
• Throughout the war, Savannah was controlled by
  the British while the Patriots controlled the
  northern part of the state

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The War in Georgia, Part II

• 1771 Nancy Hart and her husband settled near
  Elberton
• After the Battle of Kettle Creek five soldiers
  came into her home demanding she cook them a
  meal the soldiers began to brag about the murder
  of Colonel John Dooley, which they committed
• Overhearing the soldiers, Hart quietly took their
  rifles away when the men finally realized what
  she was doing they rushed her but she was able to
  kill one of them and held the other 4 at gunpoint
  until help arrived

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Victory at Yorktown, Part I

• Spring 1781 Lord Cornwallis moved his troops
  north into VA, moved them to Yorktown so they
  could be supplied from sea Washington saw a
  chance to trap Cornwallis a combined
  French/American army under Washington and
  Rochambeau surrounded Cornwallis
• The French fleet under Admiral de Grasse kept
  British fleet from Cornwallis
• Cornwallis army of 8000 men was forced to
  surrender in October 1781 this ended major
  fighting in the Revolution

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Victory at Yorktown, Part II
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Treaty of Paris, 1783 Washingtons Farewell

• Under the Treaty of Paris the British recognized
  the United States as an independent nation, the
  borders of the new nation extended from the
  Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, the
  southern border stopped at Florida
• Americans agreed to pay Loyalists for property
  they lost in the war
• December 1783 Washington bid farewell to his
  officers at Fraunces Tavern in NYC, all along the
  way the way home to Virginia crowds of cheering
  Americans lined the roads
• Reasons for American Victory difficult for
  Britain to send troops and supplies to America
  when British forces took a city the Americans
  moved inland Americans also knew the best roads
  and places to fight America also got assistance
  from Spain and France

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The End