Commas in Sentences

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Commas in Sentences

• Chapter 11Lesson 2Pages 253-255

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Objective

• To apply rules for using commas in sentences.

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Commas in Compound Sentences
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• Use a comma before a conjunction that joins
  independent clauses in a compound sentence.

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• Most people know Thomas Edison for his creation
  of the light bulb, but he also developed many
  communication devices.

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• Edisons inventions were completely new, or they
  were refined versions of other works.

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• Alexander Graham Bell devised the modern
  telephone, and Edison improved it by adding a
  stronger vocal transmitter.

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Watch Out!

• Sometimes a sentence has a compound verb, but is
  not a compound sentence.

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Watch Out!

• Do not use a comma in this kind of sentence.

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Watch Out!

• Edison also constructed a model and tested the
  first phonograph.

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Commas with Items in a Series
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Use a comma after every item in a series except
the last one.
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Curiosity, ingenuity, and determination were
qualities that helped shape Edisons career.
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Edisons phonograph mainly consisted of a metal
disk, a steel needle, and a rotating cylinder.
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In time, Edisons recording mechanism generated
other inventions dictation machines, musical
records, and talking dolls.
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Use commas between two or more adjectives of
equal rank that modify the same noun.
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In his youth, Edison was a likable, clever
prankster.
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To decide whether to use a comma between two
adjectives modifying the same noun
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Place the word and between the adjectives.
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In his youth, Edison was a likeable and clever
prankster.
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2. If the sentence still makes sense, replace
and with a comma.
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2. In his youth, Edison was a likable, clever
prankster.
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3. Another test is to reverse the order of the
adjectives.
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3. In his youth, Edison was a clever and likable
prankster.
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4. If the meaning of the sentence hasnt
changed, replace and with a comma.
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4. In his youth, Edison was a clever, likable
prankster.
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Commas with Introductory Words and Phrases
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Use a comma after an introductory word or
phrase to separate it from the rest of the
sentence.
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Slowly, Edison learned to use the telegraph.
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Hampered by poor hearing, he invented the
repeating telegraph.
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Commas with Interrupters
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Use commas to set off words or phrases that
interrupt, or break, the flow of thought in a
sentence.
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Edison, at last, could pick up whole
telegraph messages.
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Commas with Nouns of Direct Address
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Use commas to set off nouns of direct address.
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Tell us, Kyla, how Edison helped the movie
industry.
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Commas with Appositives
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An appositive is a word or phrase that
identifies or renames a noun or pronoun that
comes right before it.
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Use commas when the appositive adds extra
information.
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Do not use commas when the appositive is
needed to make the meaning clear.
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Thomas Edison, an American inventor, is
responsible for many patents.
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The American inventor Thomas Edison had
patents for 1,093 inventions.
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Commas to Avoid Confusion
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Use a comma whenever the reader might
otherwise be confused.
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Edison built a huge laboratory for inventing
his lifes work.
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Edison built a huge laboratory for inventing,
his lifes work.
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So What?

• Proper mechanics
• ISAT

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• 1888,
• 1906,
• Fessenden,
• Canada,
• speaking,

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• 1930,
• pilots,
• police,
• began,
• experts,

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Closure

• Today you learned to apply rules for using commas
  in sentences.

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Homework

• Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Workbook
• Page 193-194
• Due Tomorrow