Group B

1
Group B

• Topics
• Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
  Equilibrium
• Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
  Kohler Curve

2
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to define
• Vapor Pressure
• Saturation Vapor Pressure
• Equilibrium
• Relative Humidity

3
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to
• Describe the effect of salinity on saturation
• Describe the effect of temperature on saturation
• Describe the effect of total ambient air pressure
  on saturation

4
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to
• Describe the effect of salinity on freezing and
  boiling point
• Describe the effect of vapor pressure and
  saturation vapor pressure on relative humidity

5
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Teaching Strategy
• Lecture
• Exploratory

6
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Teaching Strategy
• Lecture
• Discussion of Learning Objective Content
• Power Point Lecture
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Active Learning
• In Class Exercise
• Homework

7
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Teaching Strategy
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Variables
• Temperature
• Salinity
• Total Ambient Pressure

8
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Teaching Strategy
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Output
• Rate of Evaporation
• Rate of Condensation
• Actual Vapor Pressure
• Saturation Vapor Pressure
• Relative Humidity

9
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Teaching Strategy
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Output
• Dew Point
• Boiling Point
• Freezing Point

10
Dry Air
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Tw 0ºC
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 100.0C Freezing Point 0.0C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
11
Dry Air
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 100.0C Freezing Point 0.0C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
12
Dry Air
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
13
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
14
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
15
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure (mb)
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
16
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
17
Tw 15ºC
Saturation Vapor Pressure
Rate of Evaporation and Condensation (kg m-2 s-1)
-50
0
50
0
50
100
CLEAR
CLEAR
Time (s)
Temperature (C)
Evaporation
Condensation
WRT Liquid
WRT Ice
Equilibrium
Freezing Point
Temperature (C)
RUN
Pressure Units
Pressure
Atm
-50
50
0
1013.15
PAUSE
Salinity ( seawater)
mb
X
in Hg
Boiling Point 101.5C Freezing Point -0.5C
0
100
50
mm Hg (torr)
18
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Assessment
• Java Applet Questions
• Example
• How does saturation vapor pressure change with
  an increase in temperature?
• Increases
• Decreases
• Remains the same

19
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Questions Concerns

20
Group B

• Topics
• Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
  Equilibrium
• Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
  Kohler Curve

21
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to define
• Critical Radius
• Critical Supersaturation
• Haze Droplet
• Activation
• Cloud Condensation Nuclei

22
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to
• Describe the effect of CCN size on
• critical supersaturation
• critical radius
• Describe the effect of CCN type on
• critical supersaturation
• critical radius

23
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Learning Goals
• The student should be able to
• Describe the effect of humidity on droplet size

24
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Teaching Strategy
• Lecture
• Exploratory

25
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Teaching Strategy
• Lecture
• Discussion of Learning Objective Content
• Power Point Lecture
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Active Learning
• In Class Exercise
• Homework

26
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Java Applet
• Variables
• Temperature
• CCN Type
• CCN Size
• Super (or Sub) Saturation
• Droplet Radius
• Teaching Strategy
• Exploratory

27
Solute and Curvature Effects as Applied to a
Kohler Curve

• Teaching Strategy
• Exploratory
• Java Applet
• Output
• Plot of Curvature Effect on es
• Plot of Solute Effect on es
• Combined Curvature and Solute Effects
• Animation of Droplet Growth/Evaporation

28
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
X
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
29
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
X
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
30
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
31
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
32
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
33
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
34
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
35
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.7 mm NaCl
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
36
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
37
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
NH4NO3
H2SO4
X
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
38
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
39
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
40
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
41
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
42
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
43
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
44
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
45
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
46
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
47
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
48
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
49
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
50
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
51
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
52
Solute Effect
Curvature Effect
Combined Effects of Curvature and Solute Terms
Supersaturation
Supersaturation
1.0
0.3 mm NaCl
0.3 mm H2SO4
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
Radius (mm)
Radius (mm)
CLEAR
PLOT
CLEAR
Kohler Curve Application Problem
Particle Type
Temperature
Pure H2O
(NH4)2SO4
15.0ºC
Initial Droplet Radius (mm)
NaCl
X
NH4NO3
H2SO4
Mineral Dust
RUN
0.01
0.1
100
1.0
10
NH4HSO4
Soot
Environmental Supersaturation
CCN Effective Radius (mm)
CCN Mass (kg)
1.2
0.8
1.0
10-17
0.01
0.1
1.0
10-19
10-18
10
53
Saturation Vapor Pressure as a Problem of
Equilibrium

• Assessment
• Java Applet Questions
• Example
• The addition of a solute to a pure water droplet
  will cause the es to ________.
• Increase
• Decrease
• Remains the same