COMMON USES OF PCs

1
COMMON USES OF PCs

• Word processing
• Spreadsheet analysis
• Financial analysis
• Accounting packages
• Personal Budgeting packages
• Database management packages
• Telecommunications packages

2
COMPUTER LITERACY

• Understanding of what a computer can and cannot
  do and an ability to make the computer do what is
  desired.

3
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• THE ELECTRONIC PART OF THE COMPUTER THAT STORES
  AND MANIPULATES SYMBOLS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
  THE COMPUTER SOFTWARE

4
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• A computer must be able to INPUT, or receive, the
  symbols to be manipulated and the instructions
  for manipulating those symbols
• The symbols manipulated are DATA
• and the instructions for the computer are SOFTWARE

5
COMPUTER HARDWARE
6
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY UNIT
• INVOLVES ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• OPERATIONS ON LETTERS
• OPERATIONS ON GRAPHICS
• OR COMBINATION OF ALL
• COMPERABLE TO HUMAN BRAIN THAT STORES AND
  OPERATES INFORMATION

7
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• SECONDARY STORAGE
• INTERNAL MEMORY HAS LIMITED CAPACITY
• INTERNAL MEMORY DISSAPEARS WHEN POWER IS OFF
• OUTPUT
• GIVING THE USER MANIPULATIONS OF DATA

8
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• METHODS OF INPUT
• PUNCH CARD
• PAPER TAPE
• KEYBOARD
• JOYSTICK
• LIGHT PEN
• TOUCH SCREEN
• MOUSE
• CURSOR
• VOICE RECOGNITION

9
PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY

• IT IS THE BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER
• THE ARITHMETIC-LOGIC UNIT WHERE ACTUAL
  MANIPULATIONS ARE CARRIED OUT
• THE CONTROL UNIT WHICH DIRECTS ALL OF THESE
  OPERATIONS
• THE INTERNAL OR MAIN MEMORY
• THE CONTROL UNIT AND THE ARITHMETIC-LOGIC UNIT
  FORM THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

10
PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY

• CPU USES AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE CALLED A CHIP
• CHIP IS A TINY PIECE OF SILICON THAT PACKS MANY
  THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC ELEMENTS (TRANSISTORS)
  ONTO AN AREA IN THE SIZE OF PEA.
• TRANSISTORS CARRY OUT CONTROL AND LOGIC
  OPERATIONSAT THE RATE OF 1MILLION OPERATIONS PER
  SECOND

11
PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY

• A COMBINATION OF TRANSISTORS AND CIRCUITS ON A
  CHIP IS CALLED INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• INTEGRATED CIRCUIT IS THE KEY FOR THE POWER AND
  SPEED OF COMPUTERS

12
PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY

• A CPU CONTAINS
• THE CONTROL UNIT
• HANDLES THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SYMBOL MANIPULATION
  PROCESS
• ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
• HANDLES THE ACTUAL MANIPULATION
• A GROUP OF HIGH SPEED MEMORY DEVICES CALLED
  REGISTERS IN THE ALU HOLD THE PIECE OF DATA THAT
  IS BEING MANIPULATED AT ANY ONE TIME.

13
PROCESSING/ INTERNAL MEMORY

• ALTHOUGH REGISTERS ARE FAST ONLY A FEW REGISTERS
  CAN FIT ON A MICROPROCESSOR CHIP
• MAINFRAMES HAVE SEVERAL CPU CHIPS THAT ENABLES
  THEM TO RUN FASTER IN HANDLING LARGE VOLUME OF
  PROCESSING

14
INTERNAL MEMORY

• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
• SECTION OF THE MEMORY THAT IS AVAILABLE FOR
  STORING THE INSTRUCTIONS TO THE COMPUTER AND THE
  SYMBOLS THAT ARE TO BE MANIPULATED
• INTERNAL MEMORY THAT IS ACCESSIBLE TO THE USER
• ANY PART OF THE MEMORY IS AT THE SAME EASE TO
  ACCESS
• IT IS VOLATILE SINCE THE MEMORY EXISTS ONLY WHEN
  THE COMPUTER IS TURNED ON
• IT IS LIMITED CAPACITY AND SECONDARY STORAGE IS
  NEEDED

15
INTERNAL MEMORY

• READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
• IT IS PLACED IN THE COMPUTER AT THE MANUFACTURING
  STAGE
• REMAINS EVEN WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF
• GIVES CPU INSTRUCTIONS DURING THE START-UP
  PROCESS BEFORE THE USER GIVES THE COMPUTER NEW
  INSTRUCTIONS
• USEFUL IN MANAGING MANY OF THE COMPUTER S
  OPERATIONS.

16
SECONDARY STORAGE

• DISK
• TAPE
• OPTIC

17
SECONDARY STORAGE

• DISK
• THIN, PIECE OF PLASTIC COVERED WITH A IRON OXIDE
• DISK DRIVE
• SPINS THE DISK WHILE READING OR WRITING
  INFORMATION ON IT
• READ/ WRITE HEAD
• ACCOMPLISHES THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING
  INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE DISK

18
SECONDARY STORAGE

• HARD DISK
• RESIDES ON A PC
• IT ROTATES AT A MUCH FASTER SPEED THAN THE FLOPPY
  AND STORES A GREAT DEAL MORE INFORMATION
• TAPE
• CAN STORE MORE DATA
• SLOWER THAN THE HARD DISK AND THE DISKETTE
• SEQUENTIAL ACCESS

19
SECONDARY STORAGE

• OPTICAL STORAGE
• MORE EXPENSIVE
• CAN STORE HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA
• NOT SEQUENTIAL

20
OUTPUT

• MONITOR
• PRINTER
• MODEM
• SENDS INFORMATION OVER TELEPHONE LINES