Reptiles

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Chapter 35 Reptiles Birds
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35-1 The Reptilian Body
Class Reptilia Reptiles

• Ex Lizards, Snakes, Turtles Crocodiles

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Modern reptiles share 7 key characteristics
Strong, bony skeleton Ectothermic metabolism
Dry, scaly skin Amniotic egg Respiration through
lungs Partially divided heart Internal
fertilization
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Except for snakes, reptiles have Strong bony
skeletons with Two pairs of limbs.
Their legs are positioned more under The body
than amphibians which Support more weight and
allow Them to move about faster.
They also have toes with claws.
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Reptiles ectothermic metabolism Is too slow to
generate enough Heat to warm their bodies, so
They must absorb it from The environment.
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Reptiles have evolved a practically Water tight
skin of scales.
The scales are flexible and overlap.
This has allowed reptiles to leave The water and
live on land.
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Since reptiles live on dry land, they Cannot have
the same eggs as Fish and amphibians.
Reptiles developed a water tight egg That has its
own supply of Food and water
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All land animals have developed An efficient set
of lungs.
Reptiles, and future animals, Have lungs with
thousands of Alveoli on the inner surface.
They also have a strong set of Muscles to draw
more air in And out of the lungs.
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Lungs
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Reptiles have a partially divided Heart that
separates oxygen Rich blood and oxygen poor blood.
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Unlike fish and amphibians, reptile Eggs are
fertilized internally.
This helps to protect the gametes From drying out
on land.
Most reptiles are oviparous, they Lay eggs from
which the Young hatch.
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A few are ovoviparous, which means That the eggs
are kept inside The female until they hatch.
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35-2 Today's Reptiles
There are 4 classes of reptiles.
Lizards, Snakes, Crocs, Turtles
In lizards and snakes, the lower Jaw is only
loosely attached, so they Can eat things much
larger than The size of their mouth.
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Common lizards include iguanas, chameleons, and
horned lizards.
Most are carnivores!
Most are smaller than your foot, but A komodo
dragon can get to be 10 feet and weigh 500
pounds!
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Snakes probably evolved from Lizards during the
Cretaceous period.
The skeleton of snakes has no Remnants of a
pelvic girdle.
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Some snakes strangle their Prey and others have
poisonous venom.
There are 4 types of poisonous snakes, Only one
lives in this area, The water moccasin.
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Turtles and tortoises are unique Because of
their shell.
They evolved about 200 Million years ago.
The carapace is the top part of the Shell and the
plastron is the bottom.
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Crocodiles and alligators belong To the class
crocodilian.
Crocodiles have a longer thinner Snout than
alligators do.
American alligators can be 18 feet Long, but Nile
Crocodiles can get 20 feet and weigh 1600 pounds!
They are the only reptiles to care For their
young.
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35-3 Characteristics Diversity of Birds
Class Aves The Birds
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• Ex. Woody Woodpecker, Roadrunner
• Archaeopteryx.

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All birds share the same 6 characteristics
Forelimbs modified into wings Body covered in
feathers Lightweight bones Endothermic
metabolism Super-efficient respiratory
system Heart is completely divided
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Feathers thought to have evolved from scales
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-like reptiles they molt -colored for camouflage
or mating
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• Types

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a. contour- cover body and give shape
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b. flight- contours on wings and tail -Provide
lift for flight
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c. down- soft, fluffy and provide insulation
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Preening -preen gland
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Strong, lightweight skeleton -thin and
hollow -may be fused (keel and collarbones)
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Endothermic metabolism -heat through
metabolism -104 F to 108 F due to energy
required of flight
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Birds have a completely divided Heart, just like
you.
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Highly efficient lungs -flight demands a lot
of energy -one way air flow
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Specialized beak -no teeth or jaw
-gizzard takes over role of teeth
-specialized to diet
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Pg. 800
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Specialized foot -specialized for lifestyle
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THE END