BERGMAN SQUARE

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BERGMAN SQUARE

• COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT

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BERGMAN SQUARE SURVEY

• DEPARTMENT MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH
• J.J. VAN DER MERWE
• ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICER

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GOAL
TO ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF BASIC
SUBSISTENCE FACILITIES OF THE BERGMAN SQUARE
COMMUNITY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH STATUS
OF THE COMMUNITY AND ADRESS THE NEEDS OF THE
COMMUNITY
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BERGMAN SQUARE LEADERSHIP

• COUNCILLOR E. GOLIATH
• MR. M PHUPHA
• MR. J PHEPENG
• MR. C KHANYI

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BERGMAN SQUARE ORGANIGRAM
COUNCILLOR E. GOLIATH
WARD COMMITTEE MEMBERS MR. M PHUPHA MR. J
PHEPHENG MR. C KHANYI
COMMUNITY
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SIZE OF AREA
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POPULATION

• 0 12M - 144
• 13M 21Y - 1449
• 22Y 65Y - 2134
• 66Y - 77

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EDUCATION

• TOTAL POPULATION 3804
• PEOPLE WITH QUALIFICATION 3027
• PEOPLE WITH NO QUALIFICA
• TION 777

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PERSONAL INCOME

• TOTAL PERSONS WITH IN
• COME 755
• TOTAL PERSONS WITH NO
• INCOME 3049
• MALES WITH INCOME 442
• FEMALES WITH INCOME 313
• PERSONS OLDER THAN 18
• WITH NO INCOME - 1650

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HOUSES WITH INCOME

• TOTAL HOUSES 1147
• HOUSES WITH INCOME 635
• HOUSES WITH NO INCOME -512

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GENDER INCOME
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BUSINESSESS
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CRITERIA FOR SAFE SETTLEMENTS

• CLEAN AIR
• SAFE AND SUFFICIENT WATER
• ADEQUATE AND SAFE FOOD
• SAFE AND PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT
• STABLE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

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CLEAN AIR
AIR IS ESSENTIAL FOR LIVE ITSELF WITHOUT IT WE
COULD SURVIVE ONLY A FEW MINUTES. AIR POLLUTION
IS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS IN ANY DEVELOPMENT. AS MANY AS 500
MILLION PEOPLE ARE DAILY EXPOSED TO HIGH LEVEL
OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN THE FORM OF SMOKE
FROM OPEN FIRES OR POORLY IN DESIGHNED STOVES.
IN MANY TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES AIR POLLUTION IS
A SERIOUS PROBLEM BECAUSE OF INEFFICIENT AND
SMOKY FUELS USED TO HEAT BUILDINGS AND
COOK. THE RESULT CAN BE ACUTE RESPIRATORY
INFECTIONS, LUNG DISEASE, EYE PROBLEMS AND
INCREASED RISK OF CANCER. WOMAN AND CHILDREN IN
POOR COMMUNITIES ARE PARTICULARLY EXPOSED.
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SAFE AND SUFFICIENT WATER
WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO LIVE. WE NEED TO DRINK
BETWEEN ONE AND TWO LITRES PER DAY. IN ADDITION
WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AGRICULTURE AND HOUSEHOLDS. WATER ALSO PROVIDES
NATURAL TRANSPORT, IS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTES
AND PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN FARMING, FISHING
AND INDUSTRY. ALTHOUHGH FRESH WATER IS CONSIDERED
A RENEWABLE RESOURCE, THERE IS A LIMITED
SUPPLY. THE QUALITY OF WATER IS OF GREAT
IMPORTANCE. A HIGH PROPORTION OF LIFE- AND HEALTH
- THREATENING INFECTIONS ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH
CONTAMINATED WATER OR FOOD. AS MUCH AS 80 OF ALL
SICKNESS AND DISEASE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS
ATTRIBUTED TO THE LACK OF SAVE WATER AND THE
APPROPIATE MEANS TO DISPOSE OF EXCREMENT. WATER
SHORTAGES USUALLY LEAD TO PROBLEMS OF WATER
QUALITY SINCE SEWAGE, INDUTRIAL EFFLUENT, AND
AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN RUNOFF OVERLOAD THE
CAPACITY OF WATER BODIES TO BREAK DOWN
BIODEGRADABLE WASTES AND TO DILUTE NON
BIODEGRADABLE ONES. CHOLERA EPIDEMICS, WHICH ARE
ALSO FREQUENTLY TRANSMITTED BY UNSAFE DRINKING
WATER, ARE INCREASING IN FREQUENCY.
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ADEQUATE AND SAFE FOOD
FOOD PROVIDES THE ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS FOR OUR
BODIES TO FUNCTION. WITHOUT FOOD, MOST PEOPLE
WILL DIE AFTER ABOUT FOUR WEEKS. FOR A LARGE
PART OF THE WORLDS POPULATION, UNDER NUTRTION
AND AND THE INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IT REMAIN
THE MAIN CAUSE OF ILL HEALTH AND PREMATURE
DEATH. THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF AN INADEQUATE DIET
INCLUDE STARVATION UNDER DESASTER CONDITIONS,
PREMATURE AND UNDERWEIGHT BIRTHS, WEAKENED IMMUNE
SYSTEMS AND SLOW GROWTH TO MILLIONS OF CHILDREN.

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SAFE AND PEACEFUL SETTLEMENTS
A SAFE AND PEACEFUL PLACE IN WHICH TO LIVE IS AN
ABSOLUTE NECESSITY FOR HEALTH. INADEQUATE HOUSING
AND OTHER STRUCTURAL NEEDS AFFECT THE HEALTH OF
RESIDENTS. LOW INCOME, UNCERTAIN EMPLOYMENT,
INSECURE RESIDENTIAL TENURE, AND POOR HEALTH GO
HAND IN HAND WITH INADE-QUATE, OVERCROWDED
SHELTER THAT LACKS SPACE, SANITATION PROPER
VENTILATION AND OTHER MINIMUM HEALTH
PROTECTION. RESIDENTS ARE EXPOSED TO DISEASE
PATHOGENS, POLLUTANTS, VIOL-ANCE AND INJURY
HAZARDS. OVERCROWDING ALSO CAUSE INJURY FROM
BURNS OR SCALDS AND MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT TO
SAFELY STORE NECESSARY BUT HAZARDOUS HOUSEHOLD
SUBSTANCES SUCH AS BLEACH AND PARRAFINE. IN URBAN
AREAS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A HIGH PROPORTION
OF HOUSING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, ARE MADE OF
FLAMMABLE MATE-RIALS, AND OFTEN BUILD ON
DANGEROUS SITES. FEAR OF EVICTION IS A CONSTANT
WORRY FOR MOST TENANTS AND INHABITANTS OF THESE
SETTLEMENTS. AS THESE SETTLEMENTS HAVE ONLY
RUDIMENTARY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS AND NO SEWERS OR
DRAINS, RISK OF INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH EXCRETA
IS ALWAYS HIGH. AN ESTIMATED 30 TO 50 OF THE
SOLID WASTES GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS LEFT UNCOLLECTED.
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STABLE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ARE INEXTRICABLY
LINKED. THE LONG RANGE TRANSPORT OF AIR
POLLUTANTS, TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS
PRODUCTS AND WASTES, CLIMATE CHANGE AND LOSS OF
BIODIVERSITY ARE AMONG THE GLOBAL PROBLEMS
THREATENING HEALTH. THE DAMAGED OZONE LAYER LEADS
TO INCREASED ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION EXPOSURE TO
LARGE POPULATIONS, WHICH IN TURN MAY CAUSE EYE
CATARACTS AND SKIN CANCER.
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HOUSING AND DISEASE
THE HOME CAN BOTH PROTECT FROM DISEASE OR
FACILITATE DISEASE. HOUSING CONDITIONS PLAY AN
IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF MANY DISEASES,
ESPECIALLY IN THE TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES. THE POOR ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO
INADEQUATE HOUSING CONDITIONS AND ARE GENERALLY
NOT ABLE TO AFFORD PROPER NUTRITION, EDUCATION
AND HEALTH. THEY ARE ALSO MORE EXPOSED TO DUST,
POLLUTION, NOISE AND THE HAZARDS OF CLIMATIC
EXTREMES, DUE TO THE NATURE OF THEIR ECONOMY AND
FLIMSY HOUSING. ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION
AND EFFICIENT DRAINAGE OF SURFACE WATER HELPS TO
CONTAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND REDUCES SAFETY
HAZARDS AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.. LACK OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS AND FLOODING CAN RESULT IN VECTOR
BREEDING SITES. APPROPIATE SOLID WASTE STORAGE
AND DISPOSAL CAN DISCOURAGE INSECT AND RODENT
VECTORS OF DISEASE. THE URBAN POOR ARE AT RISK AT
WASTE SITES DUE TO SCAVENGING, PLACING THEM IN
DIRECT CONTACT WITH ALL TYPES OF WASTE MATERIALS.
PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC HYGIENE IS IMPORTANT TO
THE REDUCTION OF NUMEROUS INFECTIONS, INCLUDING
SKIN COMPLAINS SUCH AS SEPSIS, DERMATITIS AND
ECZEMA OR EYE DISEASES SUCH AS TRACHOMA AND
CONJUNCTIVITIS, OR CONTAGIOUS DISEASES SUCH AS
TUBERCULOSIS AND MENINGITIS. BUT HYGIENE IS
IMPOSSIBLE TO MAINTAIN WITHOUT AN ADEQUATE
WATER SUPPLY.
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WATER AND SANITATION RELATED DISEASES
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DIARROEAL DISEASES
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DIARRHOEAL DISEASES CONT.
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WORM DISEASES
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PARASITES
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WATER BORN DISEASES
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SKIN AND EYE DISEASE
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FEATURES OF HOUSING DESIGN AND THE DISEASES THEY
HELP PREVENT
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BUILDING MATERIALS

• TOTAL HOUSES 1147
• BRICK HOUSES 36
• WOOD HOUSES 36
• ZINK HOUSES - 1075

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HOUSING VENTILATION

• Total Houses 1147
• No Ventilation 701
• With Ventilation 446

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PIT TOILETS

• Total Houses 1147
• With Toilets 491
• No Toilets 656

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OCCURRENCE OF DISEASESJANUARY 2001 JULY 2001
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CHILD DISEASES
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WATER AND REFUGE POINTS
WATER POINTS PLOT 72 - 4 PLOT 73
- 9 PLOT 78 - 2 PLOT 107 -
1 PLOT 109 - 1 PLOT 112 - 3 PLOT
136 - 1 PLOT 137 -
1 ________________________________________________
__ TOTAL - 22
REFUGE POINTS PLOT 41 - 1 PLOT 72
- 1 PLOT 74 - 1 PLOT 1/110
- 1 PLOT 135 - 1 ___________________
_______________________________ TOTAL
- 5
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HOUSING FACTORS INFLUENCING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
CONTROL

• A SAFER AND ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY
• SANITARY DISPOSAL OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL EXCRETA
• APPROPIATE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
• PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC HYGIENE

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SWOT ANALYSIS
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STRENGHTS

• LEADERSHIP
• COMMUNITY PARTISIPATION
• KNOWLEDGE
• VISION TO GO FORWARD

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WEAKNESSES

• HEALTH STANDARDS ARE POOR EG. HOU-
• SING, WATER AND SANITATION.
• LOW INCOME.
• DISEASES.
• OVERCROWDING.

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OPPORTUNITIES

• PURCHASING OF BERGMAN SQUARE PLOTS.
• PROCLAMATION AS TOWN SETTLEMENT
• UNDER MANGAUNG LOCAL AUTHORITY.
• IMPROVE HOUSING.
• IMPLEMENT REFUSE REMOVAL SERVICES.
• HEALTH EDUCATION EG. PREVENTION OF
• HEALTH HAZARDS.

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THREATS

• NOT A LEGAL TOWN SETTLEMENT.
• LOCAL AUTHORITY CANT RENDER HELP
• LEGALLY.
• PRIVATE PROPERTY.
• AREA ARE EXPANDING.

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Community needs

• Additional and upgrading of existing toilets
  to
• a bucket system.
• Additional taps and water delivery system.
• Refuse removal.
• Grading of roads.
• Erecting of an additional soccer field.

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ACTION PLAN
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BUYING OF BERGMAN SQUARE PLOTS

• IDENTIFICATION OF ROLE PLAYERS EG.
• MANGAUNG LOCAL AUTHORITY
• PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
• PRIVATE SECTOR
• VALUATION OF PLOTS
• DEVELOP TOWN OUTLAY PLAN
• INCORPARATION IN MANGAUNG LOCAL AUTHORITY TOWN
  PLANNING SCHEME

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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

• JOB CREATION EG.
• COLLECTING TIN, GLASS AND PAPER.
• DONATIONS AND SPONSORS FOR WATER PIPES TAPS
  ETC.
• CENTRAL POINTS FOR REFUSE REMOVAL EG. REFUGE
• CONTAINERS.
• PROVISION OF MORE TOILETS

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EDUCATION

• DISEASES AND DISEASE PREVENTION
• VENTILATION - HOUSING
• WATER SAFETY
• KEEPING OF ANIMALS
• IMMUNIZATION