MODELS OF EARTH

1
MODELS OF EARTH

• CHAPTER 3

2
MAPS

• A MAP IS A FLAT TWO-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION OF
  EARTHS SURFACE
• A CARTOGRAPHER IS A PERSON WHO MAKES MAPS
• THREE COMMON MAP PROJECTIONS
• 1. MERCATOR
• 2. GNOMONIC
• 3. POLYCONIC

3
MAPS

• MERCATOR MAP PROJECTIONS

4
MAPS

• GNOMONIC MAP PROJECTIONS

5
MAPS

• POLYCONIC MAP PROJECTIONS

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MAPS

• WHAT IS THE SHORTCOMING OF ALL 3 OF THESE
  PROJECTIONS?

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LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

• LATITUDE OR PARALLELS

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LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

• LONGITUDE

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MAP SCALES

• SCALES TELL YOU WHAT? ____________________________
  _
• LARGE SCALE MAPS _____________________________
• SMALL SCALE MAPS _______________________________
  ______

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MAP SCALES

• 11,000
• 1125,000
• 124,000

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MAPS

• WHAT IS THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF FORT WAYNE,
  IN?

12
MAPMAKING

• THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (USGS) HAS
  MAPPED THE ENTIRE UNITED STATES
• USGS WAS FOUNDED ___________
• FOR THE PURPOSE OF _______
• _____________________________
• ____________________________

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MAPMAKING

• PLANE-TABLE SURVEYING IS ___
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• THIS WAS THE MAIN METHOD OF MAPPING UNTIL
  ___________________

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NEW TECHNOLOGY

• PHOTOS FROM AIRPLANES AND SURVEYS
  _________________________________________________
  ___
• RADAR __________________________
• ____________________________
• SATELLITES _____________________
• ___________________________

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SATELLITES

• LANDSAT ________________________
• _____________________________
• SATELLITES USE _________________________________
  ______________
• FALSE COLOR IMAGES ________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________

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SATELLITES

• SATELLITES GIVE EARTH SCIENTISTS NEW VIEWS OF THE
  EARTH
• MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
• _____________________________
• EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM __
• _____________________________
• _____________________________

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

• GPS ALLOWS PEOPLE TO DETERMINE
• _____________________________
• ____________________________
• _____________________________
• GPS CONSISTS OF THREE SEGMENTS
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________

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GPS

• USED FOR MANY PURPOSES

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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

• READ PAGE 52 AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
• 1. What can GIS maps illustrate?
• 2. How can GIS mapmakers create custom maps?
• 3. What will GIS technology allow users to do?

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

• A TOPO MAP SHOWS _____________
• IT SHOWS LANDFORMS SUCH AS
• _____________________________
• A COMMON TOPO MAP IS HOW BIG?____________________
  ________
• AND HAS THIS SCALE ______________

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TOPO MAPS

• CONTOUR LINES ________________
• CONTOUR INTERVAL _____________
• SLOPE __________________________
• TO DETERMINE SLOPE ____________

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TOPO MAPS

• WHAT IS A BENCHMARK? ____________________________
  _______________
• HOW IS A BENCHMARK NOTED? _______________________
  ______________

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TOPO MAP SYMBOLS

• CIRCLES OR OVALS
• CIRCLE OR OVAL WITH LINES
• BODIES OF WATER
• HUMAN MADE FEATURES

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TOPO MAP SYMBOLS

• REVISED MAP AREAS
• MAGNETIC DECLINATION
• PROFILE MAPS