Backwards Design

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Backwards Design

• PJ Methods
• EDUC 4454

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• "To begin with the end in mind means to start
  with a clear understanding of your destination.
  It means to know where youre going so that you
  better understand where you are now so that the
  steps you take are always in the right
  direction."
• (Covey,
  1994)

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The Four Essential Questions

• What shall we teach?
• How shall we teach?
• How can we organize it?
• How can we assess?

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Ralph Tyler shortens the above four questions to
three which are described below.
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(No Transcript)
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• The backward design model is comprised of the
  following steps
• Identify desired results
• What do students need to know?
• What overall expectations will be covered?
• Consider the Big Ideas/Enduring Understandings
• (building blocks for related learning
  key learning that students will revisit
  throughout their school career)

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• Determine acceptable evidence of learning?
• What culminating task, performance task
• etc. will allow students to demonstrate their
• understanding and proficiencies of the learning
• experience?
• Summative assessment.
• How will you know they learned it?

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• Plan instruction and learning experiences needed
  for students to be successful.
• Consider
• -the specific expectations to be covered
• -the specific instructional strategies to be used
• -the specific tasks that will be completed
• -scaffolding learning opportunities for students
  to
• develop enduring understandings
• -range of formative assessment strategies
• -specific recording devices

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• How will you communicate their learning?
• Consider
• -feedback to the students
• -reporting and communicating with parents