GHSGT Social Studies Review

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GHSGT Social Studies Review

• The following website is an excellent tool to
  prepare for the GHSGT
• usatestprep.com -Click here for USA Test Prep
• username - sforsyth 
• password for student newton28

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Format of the Test

• The Social Studies examination contains
  approximately 80 multiple choice questions
• World Studies 16-20
• U.S. History to 1865 14-18
• U.S. History Since 1865 16-20
• Citizenship/Government 12-16
• Map Skills 16-20
• Information Processing Skills 14-18

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Test Taking Strategies

• Get plenty of sleep the night before
• Eat a good Breakfast
• Read all directions carefully
• Look at all choices before you answer
• Eliminate answers that you know are wrong
• Skip over questions that you do not know the
  answers to and answer these questions at the end
• Check your work

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U.S. History Part One

• U.S. History to 1865

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Who were the three most advanced native groups of
the New World?

• Mayas- (present day Mexico)
• Incas- (present day Peru)
• Aztecs- (present day Mexico)
• Inca Empire was conquered by Francisco Pizarro
• Aztec Empire was conquered by Hernando Cortes
• 1 Killer of the Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs were
  European diseases

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What part of the New World did the French,
English, and Spanish explore?

• The French landed in North America in present day
  Canada on the St. Lawrence River.
• The English first permanent settlement was at
  Jamestown Virginia- The settlers had a hard time
  establishing this settlement at first (many of
  the settlers died of starvation during the first
  year)- Tobacco (John Rolfe) saves the settlement.
• The first Spanish settlement was at St. Augustine
  in Florida (This is the oldest permanent European
  settlement)

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Why did the caravel make ocean trips safer and
quicker?

• The caravel was a type of ship used during
  exploration that was designed to sail against the
  wind.

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Name three reasons for English colonization of
North America

• The Three Gs
• God- Religious freedom
• Glory- political strife
• Gold- Economic reasons

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What were the causes of the American Revolution?

• French and Indian War- (Fought between the French
  and the British- the British won the war)
• After the British won the French and Indian War
  they began taxing the colonists to pay off the
  debt from the French and Indian War
• Major cause of the American Revolution
• No taxation with out representation.

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Why was the Declaration of Independence written?

• The chief author of the Declaration of
  Independence was Thomas Jefferson
• The colonist wanted the Declaration of
  Independence to get support in their efforts
  from foreign countries

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Which battle ended the Revolutionary War?

• The Battle at Yorktown ended the Revolutionary
  War. The British surrendered to the American
  colonist. The major effect of the Revolutionary
  War is that America was born.
• Other important battles of the American
  Revolution
• Lexington and Concord 1st battle of the American
  Revolution
• Saratoga Turning point of the American
  Revolution because the French join in on the
  colonial cause.

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What were the weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation?

• Remember the Articles of Confederation was a
  document that explained Americas first form of
  government
• Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
• Weak central government
• 13 independent states that lacked no national
  unity
• No power to tax
• No power to enforce laws
• Could not form an army

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How did the Constitution solve the problems of
the Articles of Confederation?

• It provided for a stronger national government.

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What does the first amendment provide?

• Remember the 1st 10 amendments to the U.S.
  Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights. The
  Anti-Federalists would only ratify (approve) of
  the U.S. Constitution if it contained a Bill of
  Rights
• 1st Amendment provides five basic freedoms
• Religion
• Assembly
• Petition
• Press
• Speech

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When and why did political parties start in the
United States?

• Political parties started in 1787 over
  disagreements over the Constitution.
• FEDERALISTS wanted a constitution
• ANTIFEDERALISTS wanted a Bill of Rights
• Political Parties Founded during George
  Washingtons Administration
• The first two political parties
• Republicans (Thomas Jefferson) Believed in
  strong state governments.
• Federalist (Alexander Hamilton) Believed in a
  strong national government.

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How did John Marshal help develop the Supreme
Court?

• John Marshal Supreme Court Justice during the
  Supreme Court Case Marbury V. Madison
• Marbury V. Madison Supreme Court case that
  established judicial review.
• Judicial Review The power of the Supreme Court
  to declare an act passed by Congress and
  constitutional or unconstitutional.

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Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny

• Manifest Destiny is the belief that (God
  ordained) that the United States should spread
  from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
• Key Events that allowed the United States to
  spread from the east coast to the west coast
• Louisiana Purchase During Thomas Jeffersons
  presidency the United States purchased the
  Louisiana Territory from France. This more than
  doubled the size of the United States.
• War with Mexico The United States defeated
  Mexico and gained the territories of California,
  New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, and Neveda through the
  Treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo
• California Gold Rush Completed Manifest Destiny

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Explain the Monroe Doctrine

• Told Europe that the Americas was closed off from
  colonization

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Who were some of the major reformers of the
1800s?

• Dorothea Dix improved the care of the mentally
  ill
• Horace Mann Father of Education
• Fredrick Douglass an escaped slave who helped
  lead the abolitionist movement.
• William Lloyd Garrison Abolitionist who founded
  the newspaper The Liberator.

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How did the northern and southern economies
differ prior to the Civil War?

• North Industrial
• South Agricultural- Plantations, slave labor

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What did Eli Whitney contribute to the cotton
industry?

• Invented the cotton gin

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Where was industrial growth centered in the
United States? Why?

• Industrial Growth was centered in the Northeast.
• Why? Early colonial settlement established it,
  more railroads, abundance of natural resources.

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Why did the South react so violently to the
election of Abraham Lincoln?

• Many southerners felt that he was a threat to the
  southern way of life (slavery)

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What were the causes of the Civil War?

• Slavery
• Admitting new states
• Economic differences
• sectionalism

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What were the effects of the Civil War?

• Nationalism-
• these United States became the United States.
• Slavery abolished (13th amendment)
• U.S. grew into a world power

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Explain Abraham Lincolns plan for Reconstruction

• Reconstruction Time period after the Civil War
  in which the South is being rebuilt back into the
  Union.
• Ten Percent Plan All Southerners (Except
  Government leaders and high confederate officers)
  had to take an oath of Union to the Union after
  which they would be pardoned. When ten percent of
  the voters took loyalty they could form a state
  government. Allowed states to easily be
  readmitted into the Union.

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Explain Radical Republicans plan for
Reconstruction

• Harsh plan that placed all of the South except
  Tennessee under military rule.
• Radical Republicans Established the Freedmans
  Bureau- helped blacks with their new freedoms-
  providing them food, clothing, shelter, schools,
  and work opportunities.