Chapter 5A SBM Statistical Reasoning

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Chapter 5A SBMStatistical Reasoning

• Fundamentals of Statistics

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What is meant by an experiment?

• When more than one group of individuals are
  studied and each group receives a different
  treatment except for one group which does not
  receive any treatment.
• Types of Experiments
• Single-Blind
• Double-Blind

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What is the difference between a population and a
sample?

• A population is a statistical study with a
  complete set of people or things being studied,
  while a sample is the subset of the population
  from which the raw data are actually obtained.
• Types of Samples
• Random Sampling - Systematic Sampling
• Convenience Sampling
• Stratified Sampling

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Chapter 5A Terms

• What is statistical bias?
• Statistical bias is when the studys design or
  conduct tends to favor certain results.
• What is meant by raw data?
• All of the data collected in a study.
• What is meant by a sample statistic?
• Numbers that summarize the raw data.

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More Terms

• What is meant by an observational study?
• Members of the study are observed, but not
  influenced by the researchers.
• What is meant by the placebo effect?
• When a member of a control group who receives an
  inactive placebo actually improves.

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Example One

• For the following question identify which type of
  statistical study is most likely to lead to an
  answer. Explain.
• Can drinking 8 glasses of water a day prevent
  acne?
• Experiment

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Example Two

• For the following question identify which type of
  statistical study is most likely to lead to an
  answer. Explain.
• Does a new drug prevent asthma attacks?
• Double-blind experiment

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Example Three

• For the following question identify which type of
  statistical study is most likely to lead to an
  answer. Explain.
• Which political party do most nurses belong to?
• Observational study

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Example Four

• A survey finds that 45 of Americans spend less
  than 2 hours a day watching television, with a
  margin of error of 5. Interpret these results.
• We can be 95 confident that 40 - 50 of
  Americans spend less than 2 hrs. a day watching
  TV.

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Homework

• 5A 1, 2, 7, 8, 14 - 16, 18, 19, 21 - 24, 27
  - 29, 37, 38
• You must answer the questions completely and read
  the entire question.