More buzz words, etc'

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• More buzz words, etc.
• Structure evolution and types of WIMPS
• Bottom-up ltgt Cold Dark Matter (CDM)
• Top-Down ltgt Hot Dark Matter (HDM)
• Cold slow less then 1/10 speed of light
• Hot fast 0.99 or closer to speed of
  light
• Galaxies seen far away gt formed early bottom
  up CDM

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Key points to derivation ofwe live in flat
universe
From CBM
We assume we know how to calculate the size of
the brick wall fluctuations! Remember we assume
ADIABATIC fluctuations
Apparent size depends ENTIRELY on the curvature
of the of the universe gt we think were flat
for sure
But only if adiabatic fluctuations apply!
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Is there a way out?
Yes! Isocurvature fluctuations

• Dissociate the matter from the light
• Brick wall can be as smooth as you please

• Apparent size of the brick wall fluctuations
• Ambiguous gt
• Assume a size that agrees with any geometry
• ( k -1, 0 , 0r 1

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Summary
CMB associated with Big Bang
BB plus GR says Universe was hot and is expanding
CMB measurements with model fitting
Most likely universe is flat
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Summary cont.
If universe is flat, there is lots (90-95) of
something that is not ordinary (baryonic) matter.
But clusters say only 30 of W can come from all
forms of matter.
Therefore CMB Clusters says need Dark Energy to
make up the difference
Agrees with SNe Ia
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CMB
SNe Ia
clusters
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Summary Cont.
So W m 0.3, WL 0.7, k 0 (flat) will expand
forever in an accelerating manner

• Problem is crazy universe
• Dark Energy, non-baryonic matter, invisible
  baryonic matter. Ways out
• Weve just screwed up big time
• Isocurvature can remove dark energy (from k
  0 and matter limits) from CMB measurements BUT
  still have SN Ia!

Time will tell
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Brick Building or Pack of Cards?
Clusters say Wm 0.3
Final Answer Wt W_L Wm 1 k 0 Wb
0.05, WCDM 0.25, WL 0.7
Supernovae says dark energy
CDM
CMB 1st peak, universe flat Wtotal 1, k 0
Galaxies formed early
Non-ordinary but real matter (non-baryonic),
lots
Big Bang
Galaxies and Clusters exist
GR CMB total expanding universe
General Smoothness of CMB
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Onward ho!

• OK, where do supernovae fit in and how?

• First the concept the standard candle

• If know how bright something is intrinsically,
  then if you can measure its apparent brightness,
  you can calculate the Distance (D)

• Apparent brightness intrinsic
  brightness/4pD2
• For Euclidian space D is normal