The Major Differences Between Poems and Prose

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The Major Differences Between Poems and Prose
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CCSS 4RL.5Explain major differences between
poems, drama, and prose, and refer to the
structural elements of poems (e.g. verse, rhythm,
meter) and drama (e.g., casts of characters,
settings descriptions, dialogue, stage
directions) when writing or speaking about a
text.
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Learning Objective

• Today we will learn the elements of and explain
  the difference between, poems and prose.
• What are we going to explain the difference
  between?
• (partner share)

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Have you ever read a Dr. Suess story?

• Share with your partner a Dr. Suess story that
  you remember.
• Most Dr. Suess stories are an example of rhyming
  poetry. Click on this link
• Read some Dr. Suess

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Poetrys Purpose

• Poetry is a form of writing that is meant to
• 1. entertain
• 2. describe
• 3. inform
• 4. persuade

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Elements of Poetry

• What is poetry?

• Poetry is not prose. Prose is the ordinary
  language people use in speaking or writing.

• Poetry is a form of literary expression that
  captures intense experiences or creative
  perceptions of the world in a musical language.

• Basically, if prose is like talking, poetry is
  like singing.

• By looking at the set up of a poem, you can see
  the difference between prose and poetry.

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Distinguishing Characteristics of Poetry

• Prose has a narrator, on the other hand, poetry
  has a speaker.
• A speaker, or voice, talks to the reader. The
  speaker is not necessarily the poet. It can also
  be a fictional person, an animal or even a thing

Green Eggs and Ham Green Eggs and Ham Green Eggs and Ham
Do you like green eggs and ham? I do not like them, Sam-I-am.I do not like green eggs and ham! Would you like them here or there? I would not like them here or there.I would not like them anywhere. I do so like green eggs and ham!Thank you! Thank you,Sam-I-am!
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Poetry is written in lines and stanzas

• A line is just one line of writing.
• A stanza is a group of lines separated by a
  space from another group of lines.
• Read the following slide to understand the
  difference between lines and stanzas.

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• I Love To Write Poems (title)
• (First Stanza)
• I love to write Day and night
• What would my heart do
• But cry, sigh and be blue
• If I could not write
• (Second Stanza)
• Writing feels good
• And I know it should
• Who could have knew
• That what I do
• Is write, write, write-
• Unknown Author 

A line in the poem
A stanza
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Figures of Speech

• A figure of speech is a word or expression that
  is not meant to be read literally.
• BOTH PROSE AND POETRY USE FIGURES OF SPEECH
• A simile is a figure of speech using a word such
  as like or as to compare seemingly unlike things.

Example Does it stink like rotten meat? from
Harlem by Langston Hughes
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Figures of Speech

• A metaphor also compares seemingly unlike things,
  but does not use like or as.

You might be a doorknob! Or three baked
potatoes!You might be a bag full of hard green
tomatoes. (Happy Birthday by Dr. Suess)

• Personification attributes human like
  characteristics to an animal, object, or idea.

Example A Spider sewed at Night from A Spider
sewed at Night by Emily Dickinson
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Figures of Speech

• Hyperbole a figure of speech in which great
  exaggeration is used for emphasis or humorous
  effect.

Example Youve asked me a million times!

• Imagery is descriptive language that applies to
  the senses sight, sound, touch, taste, or
  smell. Some images appeal to more than one sense.

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Sound Devices

• Alliteration is the repetition of consonant
  sounds at the beginning of words.
• Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds
  within a line of poetry.
• Onomatopoeia is the use of a word or phrase, such
  as hiss or buzz that imitates or suggests the
  sound of what it describes.

BOTH POETRY AND PROSE USE SOUND DEVICES
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Example of Sound Devices

• Betty Botter by Mother Goose
• Betty Botter bought some butter, but, she said,
  the butters bitter if I put it in my batter it
  will make my batter bitter, but a bit of better
  butter will make my batter better.
• So she bought a bit of butter better than her
  bitter butter, and she put it in her batter and
  the batter was not bitter. So twas better Betty
  Botter bought a bit of better butter.
• THIS IS ALLITERATION

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Example of Sound Devices

• Onomatopoeia (by Eve Merriam)
• The rusty spigotsputters,uttersa
  splutter,spatters a smattering of drops,gashes
  widerslashsplattersscattersspurtsfinally
  stops sputteringand plash!gushes rushes
  splashesclear water dashes.

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Poems break grammar rules
The rusty spigotsputters,uttersa splutter
Each line does not have to begin with a capital
letter or be a complete sentence. THIS MAKES
POEMS VERY DIFFERENT FROM PROSE.
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Rhyme

• Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed
  vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or
  more words.
• Internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry.
• End rhyme occurs at the end of lines.
• Rhyme scheme is the pattern of end rhymes that
  may be designated by assigning a different letter
  of the alphabet to each new rhyme

BOTH POEMS AND PROSE CAN USE RHYME BUT IT IS MOST
CLOSLEY CONNECTED TO POEMS
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Example

• All mine!" Yertle cried. "Oh, the things I now
  rule!
• I'm king of a cow! And I'm king of a mule!
• I'm king of a house! And what's more, beyond
  that,
• I'm king of a blueberry bush and cat!
• I'm Yertle the Turtle! Oh, marvelous me!
• For I am the ruler of all that I see!
• from Yertle the Turtle
• by Dr. Seuss

A A B B C C
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A couplet

• In poetry, a couplet is a pair of lines.
  Typically, they rhyme and have the same meter.
  They make up a unit or complete thought. 
• All mine!" Yertle cried. "Oh, the things I now
  rule!
• I'm king of a cow! And I'm king of a mule!

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Rhythm and Meter

• Rhythm is the pattern of sound created by the
  arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables
  in a line.
• Meter is a regular pattern of stressed and
  unstressed syllables which sets the overall
  rhythm of certain poems.

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Listen to the rhythm in this Shel Silverstein poem

• I Dont Know
• I dont know how anythings done.
• Does the earth turn or is it the sun?
• Is electricity made by a kite?
• Are star twinkles just the reflection of light?
• How thunder is made and how engines run
• I dont know how anythings done

READ IT AGAIN AND CLAP YOUR HANDS WITH THE RHYTHM.
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Elements of Poetry Tone and Mood
Although many times we use the words mood and
tone interchangeably, they do not necessarily
mean the same thing. Mood the feeling or
atmosphere that a poet creates. Mood can suggest
an emotion (ex. excited) or the quality of a
setting (ex. calm, somber) In a poem, mood
can be established through word choice, line
length, rhythm, etc. Tone a reflection of the
poets attitude toward the subject of a poem.
Tone can be serious, sarcastic, humorous, etc.
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Forms of Poetry

• Poetry can take several forms. These are

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Forms of Poetry

1. Shape Poems
2. Acrostic Poems
3. Ballads
4. Lyrical Poems
5. Haikus
6. Narrative Poems
7. Free Verse
8. Blank Verse

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Shape Poem
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Narrative Poetry

• Narrative poetry is verse that tells a story.
• Two of the major examples of narrative poetry
  include
• Ballads a song or poem that tells a story.
  Folk ballads, which typically tell of an exciting
  or dramatic event, were composed by an anonymous
  singer or author and passed on by word of mouth
  for generations before written down. Literary
  ballads are written in imitation of folk ballads,
  but usually given an author.
• Click on this link to hear the folk ballad Casey
  Jones
• Epics a long narrative poem on a great and
  serious subject that is centered on the actions
  of a heroic figure

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Dramatic Poetry

• Dramatic poetry is poetry in which one or more
  characters speak.
• Each speaker always addresses a specific
  listener.
• This listener may be silent (but identifiable),
  or the listener may be another character who
  speaks in reply.
• Usually the conflict that the speaker is involved
  with is either an intense or emotional.

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Haikus

• The traditional Japanese haiku is an unrhymed
  poem that contains exactly 17 syllables, arranged
  in 3 lines of 5, 7, 5 syllables each.
• However, when poems written in Japanese are
  translated into another language, this pattern is
  often lost.
• The purpose of a haiku is to capture a flash of
  insight that occurs during a solitary observation
  of nature.

The moon is a week old - A dandelion to
blow Scattering star seed.        (Ruby Lytle)
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Free Verse

• Free verse is poetry that has no fixed pattern of
  meter, rhyme, line length, or stanza arrangement.
  
• When writing free verse, a poet is free to vary
  the poetic elements to emphasize an idea or
  create a tone.
• In writing free verse, a poet may choose to use
  repetition or similar grammatical structures to
  emphasize and unify the ideas in the poem.

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Free VerseTell Me by Shel Silverstein

• Tell me Im clever,
• Tell me Im kind,
• Tell me Im talented,
• Tell me Im cute,
• Tell me Im sensitive,
• Graceful and wise,
• Tell me Im perfect,
• But tell me the truth

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Free Verse

• While the majority of popular poetry today is
  written as free verse, the style itself is not
  new. Walt Whitman, writing in the 1800s,
  created free verse poetry based on forms found in
  the King James Bible.
• Modern free verse is concerned with the creation
  of a brief, ideal image, not the refined ordered
  (and artificial, according to some critics)
  patterns that other forms of poetry encompass.
• Follow this link to an example of Free Verse

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Prose
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Proses Purpose

• Prose is a form of writing that is meant to
• 1. inform
• 2. entertain
• 3. persuade
• 4. describe

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Text Features of Prose

• There are several features of prose that make it
  unique from other forms of writing. These are

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Text Features of Prose

1. Written using paragraphs
2. Contains dialogue
3. Can be either fiction or nonfiction
4. Can have headings and/or subheadings
5. Can be complemented by graphics (charts, photos)

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Forms of Prose

• Prose can take several forms. These are

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Forms of Prose
6. Novella (short story) 7. Article 8. Fable /
Folktale 9. Folktale

1. Biography
2. Autobiography
3. Essay
4. Novel
5. Short Story

Click on links to see examples online.
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A narrator is a person

• Who is telling the story

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To Sum it up!

• Poems have

• Prose has

• Rythmn /rhyme schemes
• Meter
• Verses
• Stanzas
• Lines
• Breaks grammar rules
• Voice/speaker
• Mood
• couplets

• Characters
• Narration
• Paragraph
• Follows grammar rules
• Chapters
• Headings/titles/subtitles
• Point of view
• Setting
• Plot
• Voice

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