The Age of Discovery Day 4

1
The Age of DiscoveryDay 4

• Columbus and the Spanish Empire in the Americas
• (15-1, 15-2)

2
MAP QUIZ

• Complete the Map Quiz according to the
  directions.
• You may (as always) tear the two pages apart!!
• Make sure your name is on it before handing it in
  to the basket!!

3
HW Check 15-1

• Complete the section quiz for 15-1.
• You may use your study guide and any other notes
  you have taken on the reading.
• Turn in to the basket when complete, with YOUR
  NAME ON IT!

4
Video Segment!

• Watch the short video segment on Columbus and the
  men who followed him. (approximately 13 minutes
  )
• Answer the video guide questions and turn them in
  immediately following the video!

5
Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

• Chapter 15-2

6
Government in Spanish Colonies

• Council of the Indies established by the king
  to maintain strict control over the empire
• Viceroys appointed as representatives who ruled
  in the name of the king in each province
• Lesser officials advised the viceroy in each
  province

7
Culture Christianity

• Winning souls for Christianity was equally
  important to gaining land.
• Church leaders often served as government
  officials to facilitate conversion of the Native
  Americans.
• Jesuits and other missionaries converted
  thousands to Catholicism.

8
Economics Controlling Trade

• Most valuable resources silver and gold
• Colonists could export only to Spain and buy only
  Spanish-made goods.
• Sugarcane also developed into a major crop
  (triangular trade)
• This led to a system of plantations called the
  encomienda system.

9
The Encomienda System

• Encomienda was the right to demand labor from the
  Native Americans, those who resisted were hunted
  down and forced into labor
• Natives ended up being forced to extract gold and
  silver from the Andes Mountains

10
Responses to the System

• Some like Bartolome de Las Casas, a priest, spoke
  out against the system.
• New Laws of the Indiesforbade enslavement of the
  natives in 1542, but many were forced to become
  peons, or workers working off a debt
• African slaves used to fill the labor shortage
  created by the new laws forbidding Native
  American labor

11
Colonial Society and Culture

• Cultural Blending settlers learned native
  styles of building, native foods, and methods of
  travel, while natives learned religions and
  introduced items (i.e. horses)
• Cuba and Haitiblending of European, Native
  American, and African beliefs and traditions

12
A Layered Society

• Peninsulares born in Spain, highest positions
• Creoles American-born descendants of Europeans
• Mestizos people of Native American and European
  descent
• Mulattoes people of African and European
  descent
• Native Americans and Africans formed the lowest
  social classes

13
Towns and Cities

• Mexico City became the largest Spanish speaking
  city in the world.
• Broad avenues and large building symbolized
  wealth and power.
• Development of universities such as the
  University of Mexico, where Catholicism formed
  much of a basis of education

14
Beyond the Spanish Empire

• Challenging Portugal and Spain
• Smugglers traded illegally to avoid control.
• Privateers (AKA pirates) sometimes had the
  approval of European governments
• Settling Brazil
• Like the Spanish land, many natives in Brazil
  were wiped out by disease, leaving room for the
  granting of land to Portuguese nobles.
• Brazil was not as wealthy as the Spanish
  colonies, as it did not have gold and silver, but
  brazilwood instead.

15
Discussion Question

• Do the ends justify the means here? Are the
  Spanish serving a greater global good that
  lessens the severity of some of the awful
  outcomes here?

16
Homework

• Read 15-3
• Take notes and/or complete study guide