MUSCULOSKELETAL

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MUSCULOSKELETAL

• HIP, ELBOW, WRIST, TMJ, ANKLE
• KNEE, SHOULDER
• ARTHROGRAMS

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KNEE ARTHROGRAM

• Replaced by arthroscopy, MRI
• cartilage/capsular injuries
• Ligaments, menisci tears
• Loose bodies
• Joint rupture
• Bakers cyst

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EQUIPMENT

• Arthrogram tray
• Sterile technique
• 18-21-25 gauge needle inserted 30 degreeslt
• Stylet removed
• aspirated
• air/contrast injected
• needle removed
• knee exercised

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SPOT FILMS OF

• Prone ( post. Port. Of medial meniscus
• LAO (30 degrees)
• 45 degree oblique middle portion of menicus
• LPO (60 degrees)
• Lat
• x-table lat.

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SHOULDER ARTHROGRAM

• R/O ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES
• BICEPS TEAR
• FOREIGN BODY

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PROCEDURE

• Pt supine
• hand supinated
• affected shoulder closest to RT
• arm beside body
• Local given
• 21-22 gauge needle into synovial sac

• Air/contrast injected
• needle removed
• arm rotated
• AP, inter/external views
• axial

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METASTIC BONE SURVEY

• Bones that contain red blood marrow and are
  primary sites for metastasis
• PA chest
• AP/lat skull and spine
• ap pelvis
• Long bones

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BONE AGE

• Lt hand and wrist
• presence or absence of ossification centers
• configuration/fusion of epiphysis

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DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIMETRY Page 777

• AKA
• DXA SCANS

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Terms

• Cortical
• Cancellous or trabecular
• Osteoblasts-building new bone
• Osteoclasts- reabsorption

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SCAN TRABECULAR BONE

• Osteoporosis
• x-rays produced at 2 different energy levels
  (70Kv-140KV)
• Irradiate bone
• Measure how much was absorbed
• Measure how much was detected
• stored in computer
• Subtract out soft tissue absorption
• BMC is counted

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Z-score and T scores

• Z- COMPARES PATIENT TO AVERAGE PATIENT OF SAME
  AGE AND SEX
• T - COMPARES PATIENT TO AVERAGE YOUNG HEALTHY
  INDIVIDUAL WITH PEEK BONE MASS

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