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Leadership Theories

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Title: Leadership Theories


1
Leadership Theories
  • Andrea Reger

2
Theories
  • Trait Approach
  • Skills Approach
  • Style Approach
  • Situational Approach
  • Contingency Theory
  • Path-Goal Theory
  • Leader Member Exchange
  • Transformational
  • Transactional
  • Team Leadership

3
  • Transaction Leadership

4
Transactional Leadership
  • Differs from transformational because it does not
    individualize followers needs or focus on their
    personal development
  • Transactional leadership is an exchange you
    scratch my back, Ill scratch yours. The idea is
    to advance both parties agendas by helping each
    other.
  • This can be influential because in order for the
    followers to succeed the leader must be
    successful as well.

5
Transformational Leadership
  • 2 factors
  • Contingent Reward an exchange process between
    leaders and followers in which effort by
    followers is exchanged for specific rewards.
    The leader tries to obtain agreements from
    followers on what must be done and what the
    payoffs will be for the people doing it.
  • Management by Exception involves corrective
    criticism, negative feedback, and negative
    enforcement.
  • 2 forms active and passive
  • Active watches followers closely for mistakes
    or rule violations and then takes corrective
    action.
  • Passive the leader intervenes only after
    standards have not been met or problems have
    arisen.

6
Transactional Leadership
7
Comparisons
8
Transactional
  • Pros
  • Sets clear goals with rewards for making them
    (however problems if they are not met)

9
Transactional
  • Cons
  • Can be seen as a reward/punishment system
  • Leader is concerned with their own status quo and
    will put themselves before the followers
  • Management for exception is a poor example of a
    supervisor
  • Offers few advantages to followers and can be
    very unhappy work environment

10
  • Team Leadership

11
Team Leadership
  • Team leadership is the most rapidly growing area
    of current research
  • Team organizational groups composed of members
    who are interdependent, who share common goals,
    and who must coordinate the actives to accomplish
    these goals.
  • Team work is characteristic of the Millennial
    generation (thats you!)

12
Team Leadership
  • Effective team performance begins with the
    leaders mental model of the situation. This
    model consists of both the problem confronting
    the team and the environment.
  • A good team leader is flexible and has a wide
    repertoire of actions or skills to meet the
    teams diverse needs.
  • The leader has special responsibility for
    functioning in a manner that will help the group
    achieve effectiveness. Leadership behavior is
    seen as team based problem solving by analyzing
    the internal and external situation and then
    selecting the appropriate behaviors to ensure
    team effectiveness.

13
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14
Team Leadership
  • 1st decision take action or observe
  • 2nd decision determine the general task or
    relational function of the intervention that is
    needed.
  • Final decision intervene at the internal level
    (with the team itself) or external level (the
    teams environment)

15
Team Leadership
16
Team Leadership
  • Internal Task Leadership Actions
  • Goal focusing
  • Structuring for results (planning, visioning,
    organizing, clarifying roles, delegating)
  • Facilitating decision making
  • Training team members in task completion
  • Maintaining standards of excellence (assessing
    team and individual performance, confronting
    inadequate performance)

17
Team Leadership
  • External Environment Leadership Actions
  • Networking and forming alliances in environment
  • Advocating and representing team to environment
  • Negotiation upward to secure necessary resources,
    support and recognition for team
  • Buffering team members from environmental
    distractions
  • Assessing environmental indicators of teams
    effectiveness
  • Sharing relevant environmental information with
    the team

18
Team Leadership
19
Team Leadership
  • Pros
  • Research was focused on real-life organizational
    work groups and the leadership needed therein
  • Helps leaders design and maintain effective
    teams, especially when performance is below
    standards
  • Takes into account the changing role of leaders
    and followers in organizations
  • Theory can help in the selection of team leaders

20
Team Leadership
  • Cons
  • Model has not been completed supported or tested
  • Teams are very complex and therefore hard to work
    with in (or explain)
  • Does not offer on the spot answers to specific
    situation for the team leader

21
References
  • Northouse, P.G. (2007) Leadership Theory and
    Practice. Sage Publications, Inc. Thousand
    Oaks, CA.
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