Endocrine and

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• Endocrine and
• Reproductive
• Systems
• Chapter 18

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Indiana State Health Standards

• 10.1.2 Analyze how behavior can impact health
  maintenance and disease prevention
• 10.4.1 Analyze the influences of family, peers,
  and community have on the health and health
  behavior of individuals.
• 10.4.3 Research and evaluate the effect of media
  and other factors on personal, family, and
  community health and health behaviors.

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The Endocrine System

• A system of glands that secrete messages we call
  hormones. These signals are passed through the
  blood to arrive at a target organ, which posses
  cells of the appropriate receptor.

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Structure of the Endocrine System

• Endocrine Glands are ductless-or tubeless- organs
  or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly
  into the bloodstream.
• Hormones are chemical substances that are
  produced in glands and help regulate many of your
  bodies functions.
• The Thyroid Gland produces hormones that regulate
  metabolism, body heat, and bone growth.
• Parathyroid Gland produce a hormone that
  regulates body calcium and phosphorus balance.
• The Pancreas is a gland that serves both
  digestive and endocrine systems.
• Pituitary Gland regulates and controls the
  activities of all the other endocrine glands.
• The Gonads is another name for the ovaries and
  testes.
• The Adrenal Glands are glands that help the body
  recover from stress and respond to emergencies.
• The Adrenal Cortex secretes a hormone that
  inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine
  and maintains blood pressure and blood volume.
• Adrenal Medulla secretes the hormone called
  epinephrine, also called adrenaline, and nor
  epinephrine.

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Problems of the Endocrine System

• Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder where the
  pancreas produces to little or no insulin
  resulting in high glucose levels.
• Graves Disease also called hyperthyroidism, is a
  disorder in which and overactive and enlarged
  thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of
  thyroxin.
• Cushings Disease from the overproduction of
  adrenal hormones symptoms include round face and
  humped upper back.
• A Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid is a
  result gland, and is mainly caused by a lack of
  iodine in the diet.
• Growth Disorders are caused by abnormal amounts
  of growth hormone. A child with a growth disorder
  can reach a normal height.
• Interactive Study Guide Drag and Drop

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The Male Reproductive System

• Reproduction is an essential thing in all living
  things, and the process in which life continues
  from one generation to another. The system of
  organs involved in producing offspring is the
  reproduction system.

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Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive
System

• Reproductive system is the system of organs
  involved in producing offspring.
• Sperm is the male reproductive cells.
• The male sex hormone is Testosterone.
• Two small glands that produce sperm are called
  the Testes.
• The testes are located in an external skin sac
  called the Scrotum.
• The Penis is the tube-shaped organ that extends
  from the trunk of the body just above the testes.
  
• The thick fluid that contains sperm and other
  secretions from the male reproductive system is
  called Semen.

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Internal Male Reproductive Organs

• Seminal Vesicle produces a nourishing fluid that
  combines with the sperm as they move through the
  vas deferens.
• Urethra is the passageway through which both
  semen and urine leave the male body.
• Vas Deferens are the tubes that extend from each
  epididymis to the urethra.
• Prostate Glands and Cowpers Glands are glands
  that produce secretions that combine with the
  sperm-containing fluid to produce semen.
• Epidermis is a larger coiled tube that sperm
  mature and are stored in.
• Testis, each testis is is divided in which sperm
  are formed.

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Care of the Male Reproductive System

• Regular checkups should occur every 12-18 months
  and should be performed by a physician.
• Regular bathing or showering should happen daily
  for thorough cleansing of the penis and scrotum.
  Uncircumcised males should be sure to clean, take
  care, and wash under the foreskin.
• Wearing protective equipment like a cup or
  supporter during physical activities should
  shield external organs.

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STDs

• Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections
  that cause discharge from the penis and burning
  upon urination.
• Syphilis is another bacterial infection, is
  initially painless, reddish sore that appears at
  the site of the infection.
• Genital Herpes is a virus that causes
  periodically occurring blister like sores in the
  genital area.

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Problems of the Male Reproductive System

• An Inguinal Hernia is a separation of tissue
  that allows part of the intestine to push into
  the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum.
• Sterility is the inability to reproduce. In males
  it can result from too few sperm, fewer than 20
  million per milliliter of seminal fluid, or sperm
  of poor quality
• Testicular Cancer can affect males of any age,
  but occurs more often in males between the ages
  of 14 and 40.
• When the prostate gland can become enlarged as a
  result of an infection, a tumor, and age-related
  problems are know as problems of the Prostate
  Gland.
• Interactive Study Guide Drag and Drop

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The Female Reproductive System

• The female reproductive system has several
  functions. It produces female sex hormones and
  stores female reproductive cells, called ova.
  (singular ovum)

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Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive
System

• The Ovaries are the female sex glands that store
  the ova and produce female sex hormones.
• Ovulation is the process of releasing a mature
  ovum into the fallopian tube each month.

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Female Reproductive Organs

• The Fallopian Tubes are a pair of tubes with
  fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum.
• The Vagina is a muscular, elastic passageway that
  extends from the uterus to the outside of the
  body.

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Menstruation

• The Cervix is the opening to the uterus.
• The shedding of the uterine lining is called
  Menstruation.

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Care of the Female Reproductive System

• Regular bathing is especially important during
  the menstrual period.
• Practicing abstinence from sexual activity Is the
  only 100 effective method in preventing
  pregnancy and STDs.
• Breast self-exam is important to help detect
  breast cancer early. The best time to do this is
  right after the menstrual period.

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Problems of the Female Reproductive System

• Menstrual cramps sometimes occur at the beginning
  of a menstrual period.
• Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder caused by
  hormonal changes.
• Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but serious
  bacterial infection that affects the immune
  system, and the liver can be fatal.

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Problems Related to Infertility

• Endometriosis is a painful chronic disease that
  occurs when tissue that lines the uterus migrates
  and grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes,
  uterus, or pelvic cavity.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection
  of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding
  areas of the pelvis.
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)are the most
  common causes of infertility and other disorders
  of the reproductive system.

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Other Female Reproductive Disorders

• Vaginitis is caused by bacterial vaginosis and is
  the most common vaginal infection in women of
  childbearing age, and is often accompanied by
  discharge, odor,pain, itching, or burning.
• Blocked fallopian tubes is the leading cause of
  infertility, and may result from PID, abdominal
  surgery, STDs or Endometriosis.
• Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary.
• Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in
  the female reproductive system.
• Interactive Study Guide

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Bibliography
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• www.Health.Glencoe.com

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