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The Endocrine System

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The Endocrine System Although we rarely think about them, the glands of the endocrine system and the hormones they release affect almost every cell, organ, and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Endocrine System


1
The Endocrine System
  • Although we rarely think about them, the glands
    of the endocrine system and the hormones they
    release affect almost every cell, organ, and
    function of our bodies.

2
One of the Bodys Control Systems
  • The endocrine system controls
  • mood
  • growth development
  • tissue function
  • metabolism (energy use)
  • reproductive processes

3
What Is the Endocrine System?
  • The foundations of the endocrine system are the
    hormones and glands.

A hormone is a chemical released by a gland that
causes target cells to perform specific functions.
A gland is a tissue or organ that produces and
releases chemical substances.
4
As the body's chemical messengers, hormones
transfer information and instructions from one
set of cells to another. Only endocrine glands
make hormones.
  • Exocrine glands (pronounced ek-suh-krin), such
    as the sweat and salivary glands, release
    secretions in the skin or inside of the mouth.
    The chemicals stay in the area of the body where
    they were produced.
  • Endocrine glands, on the other hand, release more
    than 20 major hormones directly into the
    bloodstream where they can be transported to
    cells in other parts of the body.

5
Endocrine Glands
  • The major glands that make up the human
    endocrine system are the
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroids
  • Adrenals
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries and testes (reproductive glands)
  • The pancreas also works with the digestive
    system.

6
Hypothalamus
  • a collection of specialized cells that is located
    in the lower central part of the brain
  • the link between the endocrine and nervous
    systems
  • controls the pituitary gland

7
Pituitary
  • Although it is no bigger than a pea, the
    pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain
    just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the
    most important part of the endocrine system.
  • It's often called the "master gland" because it
    makes hormones that control several other
    endocrine glands.
  • The production and secretion of pituitary
    hormones can be influenced by factors such as
    emotions and seasonal changes.
  • Among the hormones it produces is growth hormone,
    which stimulates the growth of bone and other
    body tissues.

8
Thyroid
  • located in the front part of the lower neck
  • shaped like a bowtie or butterfly
  • produces thyroid hormones, which control the
    rate at which cells burn fuels from food to
    produce energy
  • Thyroid hormones also play a key role in bone
    growth and the development of the brain and
    nervous system.
  • The production and release of thyroid hormones is
    controlled by the pituitary gland.

9
Parathyroids
  • four tiny glands
  • attached to the thyroid
  • function together
  • help control the level of calcium in the blood
  • The right amount of calcium is important for
    muscle function, including the heart muscle.

10
AdrenalGlands
  • The body has two triangular adrenal glands, one
    on top of each kidney.
  • The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which
    produces a set of hormones and has a different
    function.
  • The outer part produces hormones that regulate
    salt and water balance in the body, among other
    things.
  • The inner part produces adrenaline, which
    increases blood pressure and heart rate when the
    body experiences stress.

11
Pancreas
  • The pancreas produces important hormones (insulin
    is one) that work together to maintain a steady
    level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood and to
    keep the body supplied with fuel.

12
What Does the Endocrine System Do?
  • Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the
    endocrine gland through the bloodstream to the
    cells designed to receive its message. These
    cells are called target cells. When the hormone
    reaches its target cell, it locks onto the cell's
    surface and gives chemical instructions to the
    inner workings of the cell.


TARGET CELL ?
13
Things That Can Go Wrong With the Endocrine System
  • Too much or too little of any hormone can be
    harmful to the body.
  • For example, if the pituitary gland produces too
    much growth hormone, a child may grow excessively
    tall. If it produces too little, a child may be
    abnormally short.
  • Medicines that control the production of hormones
    or replace missing hormones can treat many
    endocrine diseases.

14
INFORMATION SOURCEhttp//kidshealth.org
Homework Read pp. D24-D26 in science textbook.
  • Updated and reviewed by
  • Wayne Ho, MD, and Steven Dowshen, MDJanuary
    2004Edited and adapted by Beth Reopelle 2006
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