Endocrine%20

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Chapter 18

• Endocrine Reproductive Systems

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Endocrine System

• Endocrine glands are ductless or tubeless
  organs or group of cells that secrete hormones
  directly into the bloodstream
• Hormones are chemical substances that are
  produced in glands and help regulate many of the
  bodys functions

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Endocrine System

• Thyroid produces hormones that regulate
  metabolism, body heat, and bone growth. The
  thyroid produces thyroxin, which regulates the
  way cells release energy from nutrients
• Testes are the male reproductive glands

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Endocrine System

• Parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
  regulates the bodys calcium and phosphorus
  balance
• Hypothalamus links the endocrine system with
  the nervous system and stimulates the pituitary
  gland to secrete hormones

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Endocrine System

• Pineal Gland secretes melatonin, which
  regulates sleep cycles and is thought to affect
  the onset of puberty
• Pituitary Gland regulates and controls the
  activities of other endocrine glands also known
  as the master gland
• Ovaries the female reproductive gland

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Endocrine System

• Thymus Gland regulates development of the
  immune system
• Adrenal Glands produce hormones that regulate
  the bodys salt and water balance. Secretion from
  the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla control
  the bodys emergency response

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Endocrine System

• Pancreas is a gland that serves both the
  digestive and endocrine systems. As an endocrine
  gland, the pancreas secrete two hormones that
  regulate the level of glucose in the blood
  glucagon and insulin

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Pituitary Gland

• Pituitary Gland regulates and controls the
  activities of all the other endocrine glands
• Also known as the master gland
• Has 3 sections Anterior lobe, intermediate,
  posterior

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Adrenal Glands

• Adrenal Glands are glands that help the body
  recover from the stress and respond to
  emergencies
• Adrenal Cortex secretes a hormone that inhibits
  the amount of sodium excreted in urine and serves
  to maintain blood volume and pressure

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Adrenal Glands

• Adrenal medulla secretes the hormones
  epinephrine (Adrenaline) and norepinephrine

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Problems of the Endocrine System

• Diabetes Mellitus a disorder in which the
  pancreas produces too little or no insulin,
  resulting in high blood glucose levels.

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Problems of the Endocrine System

• Graves disease a disorder in which an
  overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces
  excessive amounts of thyroxin
• Cushing's disease results from the
  overproduction of adrenal hormones

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Problems of the Endocrine System

• Goiter an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is
  caused mainly by lack of iodine in the diet
• Growth disorders are caused by abnormal amounts
  of growth hormone

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The Male Reproductive System

• Lesson 2

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• Reproductive system the system of organs
  involved in producing offspring

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Structure function of the male reproductive
system

• Sperm the male reproductive cells
• Testosterone the male sex hormone, produced in
  the pituitary gland

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External male reproductive organs

• Testes or testicles are two small glands that
  produce sperm
• Testes are located in the scrotum an external
  skin sac
• Penis a tube-shaped organ that extends from the
  trunk of the body just above the testes

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External male reproductive organs

• The penis releases semen a thick fluid containing
  sperm and other secretions from the male
  reproductive system
• Fertilization the joining of the sperm and egg
  cells

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Internal male reproductive organs

• Urethra the passageway through which both semen
  and urine leave the male body
• Vas Deferens are the tubes that extend from
  each epididymis to the urethra

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Internal male reproductive organs

• Seminal Vesicle as sperm move through the vas
  deferens, they are combined with a nourishing
  fluid produced by the seminal vesicles

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Internal male reproductive organs

• Prostate Gland Cowpers Gland secretions from
  the prostate gland and Cowper's gland combine
  with the sperm-containing fluid to form semen
• Testes where sperm is formed

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Internal male reproductive organs

• Epididymis the tubes in each testis join the
  epididymis, a larger coiled tube where sperm
  mature are stored

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Care of the Male Reproductive System

• Get regular checkups
• Bathe regularly
• Wear protective equipment
• Perform regular self-examinations
• Practice abstinence

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Problems of the Male Reproductive System

• Inguinal Hernia is a separation of tissue that
  allows part of the intestine to push into the
  abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum
• Sterility the inability to reproduce

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Testicular Cancer

• Testicular cancer can affect males of any age but
  occurs more commonly between the ages of 14-40.
• Increase risk factors include undescended
  testicle, abnormal testicular development,
  family history

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The Female Reproductive System

• Lesson 3

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• Uterus a hollow, muscular pear-shaped organ
  inside a females body

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Structure Function of the female reproductive
system

• Ovaries the female sex glands that store the
  ova produce female sex hormones
• Ovulation the process of releasing a mature
  ovum into the fallopian tube each month

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Female Reproductive Organs

• Fallopian tubes a pair of tubes with fingerlike
  projections that draw in the ovum
• Vagina a muscular, elastic passageway that
  extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

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Female Reproductive Organs

• Cervix is the opening of the uterus
• Uterus protects and nourishes a developing
  fetus
• Ovaries contain the ova and produce hormones
• Fallopian tubes ova, or eggs, travel from the
  ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes

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Female Reproductive Organs

• Endometrium tissue lines the uterus

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Menstruation

• Menstruation is the shedding of the uterus
  lining

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Care of the female reproductive system

• Bathe regularly
• Practice abstinence

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Breast Self-exam

• Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the
  second leading cause of death, after lung cancer
  for women in the United States
• The American Cancer Society recommends that
  females examine their breasts once a month, right
  after the menstrual period

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Problems of the female reproductive system

• Menstrual cramps occur at the beginning of a
  menstrual period.
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) a disorder caused
  by hormonal changes
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) a rare but serious
  bacterial infection that affects the immune
  system and the liver, and can be fatal

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Problems related to infertility

• Endometriosis a painful, chronic disease occurs
  when tissue that lines the uterus migrates and
  grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the
  uterus, or the lining of the pelvic cavity

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Problems related to infertility

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) an infection
  of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the
  surrounding areas of the pelvis
• Sexually transmitted disease the most common
  causes of infertility and other disorders of the
  reproductive system

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Female reproductive disorders

• Vaginitis caused by bacterial vaginosis, the
  most common vaginal infection in women of
  childbearing age
• Blocked fallopian tubes the leading cause of
  infertility, may result from PID

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Female reproductive disorders

• Cervical, uterine, ovarian cancer occur in
  the female reproductive system