DOE SITE VISIT 2002

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DOE SITE VISIT 2002
TASK B1 OVERVIEW Y.ONEL
I) E781 II) CMS FORWARD CALORIMETRY
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TEAM MEMBERS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO I or/and II
U.AKGUN, GRADUATE STUDENT S.AYAN, GRADUATE
STUDENT P.BRUECKNEN, QUARK-NET TEACHER M.KAYA,
GRADUATE STUDENT (Ph.D 2001, Asst. Prof., Kars
University, Turkey) E.MCCLIMENT, PROFESSOR J.P.
MERLO, PROJECT RESEARCH ASSOCIATE M.MILLER,
ELECTRONICS ENGINEER K.NELSON, GRADUATE STUDENT
(Ph.D 1999, University of Alabama) Y.ONEL,
PROFESSOR S.OZKORUCUKLU, GRADUATE STUDENT (Ph.D
2001, Asst. Prof., S.Demirel University,
Turkey) P.POGODIN, GRADUATE STUDENT (Ph.D.
1999, Sun Computer Systems, California)
I.SCHMIDT, MECHANICAL ENGINEER A.TAUKE,
UNDERGRADUATE PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLAR (U of
California, Santa Barbara)
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NEW TEAM MEMBERS

• Alexi Mestvirishvili Perugia, Italy/CERN
• Ed Norbeck CMS Heavy Ions
• Chris Like Quarknet Teacher
• Ron Newland Quarknet Teacher
• Firdevs Duru Graduate Student
• Jonathan Olson Senior Undergrad Student
• Warren Clarida Undergraduate Student
• Tyler Huebner Undergraduate Student
• John Mulherin Undergraduate Student

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I) E781 responsibilities

• A) HARDWARE
• M1 AND M3 SPECTROMETERS (NO DOE SUPPORT)
• SCIFI HODOSCOPE WITH MULTIANODE PMT'S ( NO
  DOE SUPPORT)
• M1 WAS CRUCIAL DETECTOR ( INCREASED CHARM
  PRODUCTION BY FACTOR 2)
• DETECTORS WORKED WELL (95 EFFICIENCY),
  MAINTAINED OVER TWO YEARS OF
  RUNNING PERIOD ( NO DOE SUPPORT)
• DRAFT NIM PAPERS (2)
• DRAFT PHYS REV. LETTERS PAPERS (3)
• B) ANALYSIS
• SERVICE ANALYSIS (Akgun, Ayan, Kaya,
  Ozkorucuklu)
• PRODUCTION POLARIZATION OF THE ? WITH 800
  GEV PROTONS ON CU

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E781 Setup
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M1PWCM1DC
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Charm Plots
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• INCLUSIVE ?0 POLARIZATION PRODUCED BY A
  610 GEV ?- BEAM
• K.NELSON, PHD THESIS, 1999,
  (E.MCCLIMENT,YONEL ADVISORS)
• (DRAFT PAPER IS READY AND SUBMITTED TO THE
  SELEX COMMITTEE)
• CHARGE ASYMMETRY OF STRANGE Ds MESON
  PRODUCTION WITH HYPERON BEAM
• M. KAYA, Ph.D THESIS, 2001 (Y. ONEL
  ADVISOR) (DRAFT PAPER IS READY AND
  SUBMITTED TO THE SELEX COMMITTEE)
• CHARGED K/? FLUX PRODUCTION RATIOS WITH ?,
  Õ, AND p ON CARBON AND COPPER TARGETS
• S. OZKORUCUKLU, Ph.D THESIS, 2001 (Y. ONEL
  ADVISOR)
• MAGNETIC FIELD VALUES OF THE E781
  SPECTROMETERS
• E.OZEL, M.SC THESIS DEC 1998.
• ANALYSIS OF 2nd PASS DATA
• U. AKGUN, A. AYAN (HAREWARE CMS, PHYSICS
  ANALYSIS E781)
• AKGUN AND AYAN HAVE PASSED QUALIFIER AND
  COMPS
• AKGUN LIFETIME MEASUREMENT ON XC, XC0,
  XC- AYAN WC0 PRODUCTION STUDIES

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Spin Physics with E781
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Spin Physics with E781
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?c ?c0 Search in E781 Selex Experiment

• Monte Carlo study has been done for the decay
  following modes of ?c0
• ?c0? ?- ? - ? ?
• ?c0 ? ?- ?
• ?c ? ?0 ?- ? ?
• ?c ? ?- ? ?
• ?c ? ? ?- ?
• with ? ? p ? 0
• and ? ? n0 ?
• Reconstruction efficiencies have been calculated.

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?c ?c0 Search in E781 Selex Experiment

Currently ?- ? ? and ? K-? decay channels
for ?c, ? -?and ? -?- ? ? decay channels for
?c0 are being studied. Lifetime calculations will
be made for these events.
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?c0 Search in E781 Selex Experiment

• Monte Carlo study has been done for the decay
  following modes of ?c0
• ?-?
• ?-?- ? ?
• ?-K- ? ?
• ? K- K- ?
• Reconstruction efficiencies have been calculated.

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?c0 Search in E781 Selex Experiment

Currently ?-K- ? ? and ? K- K- ? decay
channels are being studied. ?-?and ?-?- ? ?
channels will also be investigated.
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II) CMS - HF

• IOWA HAS MAJOR MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
  RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE CMS HF AND HB.
• MOU'S ARE SIGNED BETWEEN FERMILAB AND UI
• SOW'S ARE PREPARED FOR EACH YEAR USING LEHMAN
  APPROVED PROJECT FILES (MPO'S)
• Y.ONEL U.S COORDINATOR, USCMS EXEC.BOARD MEMBER
  AND PROJECT MANAGER FOR PHOTODETECTORS L3
• SEVERAL PROTOTYPES HAVE BEEN BUILT AT IOWA PRIOR
  TO PPP1 EM 96, RADDAM 98

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• CMS HF PPP1 AT IOWA AND CERN
• TEST BEAM FY00 ( SEVEN IOWA TEAM MEMBERS
  PARTICIPATED) INTERNATIONAL MILESTONE
• HF PRR FOR PMT AND FIBERS
• HF EDR MARCH 2001
• HF ABSORBER PRODUCTION IN OCTOBER 2001
• HF PROCUREMENT FOR PMT AND FIBERS BEGAN
  NOVEMBER 2001 (INTERNATIONAL MILESTONES)
• HF NEW SCHEDULE
• HF UI RESPONSIBILITIES (HF PHOTODETECTORS,
  INCLUDING PMT OPTICAL TEST STATION CONSTRUCTION
  AND TESTING, HF CALIBRATION SYSTEM (LED,
  SOURCE), HB LED, (1/2)HF OPTICS, (FIBERS QP),
  RADIATION DAMAGE, INTERGRATION ENGINEERING, AND
  INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND PHYSICS AND TRIGGER
  SIMULATIONS)

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• OTHER RELATED ACTIVITIES
• ANALYSIS OF 1996-98 TEST RUN DATA
• ANALYSIS OF RADDAM 98 TEST RUN DATA
• LED/PID -PD SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR HF/HB
• RADIATION DAMAGE STUDIES ON SINGLE QUARTZ FIBERS
  AT LIL/CERN
• (IOWA TEST FACILITY-NO DOE FUNDS INITIALLY)

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CMS DETECTORS
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Why HF?

• Covers the pseudorapidity range 3-5
• HF psedorapidity range 4.5-5 will get
  100Mrad/year. Therefore the detector should be
  able to withstand this exceptionally high
  radiation field.
• Two main objectives
• To improve the measurement of the missing
  transverse energy EmissT
• To enable identification and reconstruction of
  very forward jets

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Experimental Technique

• Light is generated by Cherenkov effect in quartz
  fibers
• Sensitive to relativistic charged particles
  (Compton electrons...)
• d2N/dxdl2paz2(sin2q/l2)
• (2paz2/ l2 )1-1/b2n2
• bmin 1/n
• Emin 200 keV
• Amount of collected light depends on the angle
  between the particle path and the fiber axis

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HF Collaborators

• Hungary
• KFKI- RMKI - Budapest
• ATOMKI - Debrecen
• Russia
• ITEP- Moscow
• Moscow State U.
• VNIITF (Snezhinsk)
• Turkey
• Cukurova University - Adana
• Middle East Technical University - Ankara
• Bogazici University - Istanbul
• USA
• Boston University
• Fairfield University
• University of Iowa
• Iowa State University
• Texas Tech University

22
Quartz Calorimeter Features

• The detector is intrinsically radiation hard at
  the required level (hundreds of MRads)
• The detector, for all practical purposes, is
  sensitive to the electromagnetic shower
  components (?M)
• It is based on Cherenkov radiation and is
  extremely fast (
• Low but sufficient light yield (
• The effects of induced radioactivity and neutron
  flux to a great extend are eliminated from the
  signal
• Neutron production is considerably reduced
  (high-Z vs low-Z)
• The detector is relatively short
• The detector is perfectly hermetic

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Iowa-Fairfield-ORNL
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HF Fiber Spacing (PPP1)
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CMS-HF PPP1
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CMS-HF PPP1
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HF PPP1 Side View
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Electromagnetic Energy Resolution
137/sqrt(E) with 1.6 fiber packing Fraction
(HAD95)

• Electromagnetic energy resolution is completely
  dominated by photostatistics (Np.e.). The usual
  parametrization, a/sqrt(E) b, results in a192
  and b9 for the PPP1. 0.85 fiber fraction
  degrades the EM energy resolution by a sqrt(2)
  compared to HAD95 (1.6).

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Hadronic Energy Resolution

• Hadronic energy resolution is dominated by
  non-stochastic processes at higher energies.
  Photo statistics becomes important only at lower
  energies. The intrinsic energy resolution can be
  expressed as c-dln(E). The expected energy
  resolution at 1 TeV is 18.

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Previous Experimental Data on Photodetectors by
HF Group
R6427
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Uniformity Scan with Electrons

• There is a /- 6 response nonuniformity to
  electrons due to fiber periodicity at every 2.5
  mm (5 mm for EM).

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Summary PPP1

• 1 linearity in response to electrons. Highly
  non-linear to negative pions
• Electromagnetic Energy Resolution 192 ? 9
• Expected Hadronic Energy Resolution at 1TeV is
  18
• /- 6 non-uniformity in response to electrons
  due to fiber periodicity
• Suppressed induced radiation damage on fibers
• in PMT region (400-500nm)

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HF - Mechanics Wedge Concept
PMT Plate
Ferrule Plate
Strong Back
Air-core Light Guides
20-degree Steel Wedge
Borated (Pb) Polyethylene
Fibers Source Tubes

• The concept wedge allows for a simpler
  construction scenario. Each 20-degree sector is
  optically and electrically independent. This
  makes manufacturing, quality control and testing
  more streamlined.

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HF Wedge and Optical Assembly

• HF 20-degree sectors will be assembled into a
  superstructure with the aid of two L-shaped
  lifting fixtures. Each sector is optically and
  electronically independent.

The routing of the fibers and source tubes are
designed and being tested on the PPPWedge this
month (February 2001).
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HF READOUT BOX OPTICS DESIGN
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Optics Fiber Routing and Termination
Fibers
Source Tubes
Wedge
Ferrules

• Preliminary fiber insertion studies have been
  carried out with the PPP wedge.

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HF - Optical Routing
38
Iowa Raddam 98 Module
39
IOWA LIL-CERN Radiation Damage Facility
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IOWA LIL-CERN Radiation Damage Facility
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Fiber Radiation Damage and Induced Resolution
54 Mrad QP

• Quartz fiber irradiation studies have been
  carried out in the last several years. The
  induced attenuation profile shows that there is
  less absorbtion in 400-500 nm (PMT) region
  compared to either shorter or longer wavelengths.

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HF status

• Project
• Construction status
• Test beam
• Schedule

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HF
To cope with high radiation levels (1 Grad
accumulated in 10 years) the active part is
Quartz fibers the energy measured through the
Cerenkov light generated by shower
particles. This is the cause of two of the
peculiar features of this calorimeter The
visible energy is carried by relativistic
particles, i.e. electrons the calorimeter is
sensitive to the EM component (p0) of the
hadronic shower. Shower size depends on Moliere
radius not li The light is generated
preferentially at 45 degrees light propagation
is far from usual meridian one.
Iron calorimeter Covers 5 h 3 Total of
1728 towers, i.e. 2 x 432 towers for EM and HAD
h x f segmentation (0.175 x 0.175)
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Absorber production
Absorbers produced in Snezensk (Russia) 20/36
wedges produced, 18 delivered at CERN expect all
by end 2002. Well on schedule !
Built out of bricks, made of 5mm Fe plates with
fiber grooves every 5 mm Assembled by diffusion
welding. Bricks are machined and kept together by
welded steel straps Geometry OK (well within
tolerances) checked by templates and verified by
metrology at CERN on a sample of wedges.
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Strongback and backplane production

• Contract signed with Turkish firm in December
  2001.
• First 9 strongbacks and 6 backplanes delivered
  geometry verified by mounting the first 9 wedges
  on a jig simulatingthe geometry of final
  shield.
• Expect complete delivery
• December 2002

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Read Out / Optics
2 boxes built plan to use them in Test beam
PM Base Sockets (Iowa)
Light Guides (Iowa)
Mu-Metal (Iowa)
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Fiber stuffing
New Task for Iowa Ianos Schmidt (CMS Fiber
Insertion Coordinator)
Source tubes insertion
Fiber bundles preparation
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Fiber stuffing
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CMS-HF PMT Test and Quality Control System

• U. Akgun1, A.S. Ayan1, F. Duru1, E. Gulmez2,
• M. Miller1, J. Olson1
• Y. Onel1, I. Schmidt1
• with Quarknet Group P. Bruecken, C. Like, R.
  Newland

1 University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 2 Bogazici
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract We have measured the specifications
proposed by the CMS-HCAL committee on the
candidate phototubes from the three major
manufacturers Hamamatsu, EMI and Photonis. In
this report, we present the results from those
measurements and we outline the future
measurements for the test and the quality control
as well as the design of the new University of
Iowa PMT test station facility.
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Tasks of the Test System

• For one tube in every batch
• Double-pulse linearity,
• Gain vs HV for each batch
• Single photoelectron spectrum
• X-Y scan (spatial uniformity)
• Lifetime
•  
• For each tube
• Pulse width
• Pulse rise time
• Transit time
• Transit time spread
• Anode dark current
• Relative gain coupled with cathode sensitivity,
• Pulse linearity
• Quality control decision on each tube.

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Iowa PMT Timing Test Setup
52
Light source through Fiber for Light guide test
53
Light source through Fiber for Light guide test
54
UNIVERSITY of IOWA PMT TEST STATION
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XY Uniformity
XY Uniformity, Dark Current, Relative Gain
8 channel pico-ammeter
Pinhole Mask
32 channel Voltage ADC
Motor Controller
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Single Photoelectron Setup(fourth generation)
57
LabVIEW software
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PMT Timing Data (1550 PMTs)
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PMT Timing Data (1550 PMTs)
60
PMT Data (1550 PMTs)
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CA0058 Double Pulse Linearity
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Single Photoelectron Spectrum at 1100V
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XY Uniformity
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PMT Web Database
Sort by column (Ascending or Descending)
Alternating colors to aid readability
Pagination reference for large data sets
More extensive search/sort options are being
developed
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PMT Base Comparison
Cockroft-Walton Base
Hamamatsus Resistive Base
Parallel-Dynode Bases
66
Preliminary Base Comparison Results
67
HF PMT Papers
68
CMS Notes
CMS IN 2002/032
CMS IN 2002/026
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CMS Notes
CMS IN 2002/029
CMS IN 2002/030
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Iowa LED Pulser Characteristics

• Pulser located at LED
• Pulser operates from 5.5 Volts and ground
• Output pulse of 5.5 Volts
• Circuit utilizes all bipolar devices
• Rise and fall times less than 6 nanoseconds
• Electrical pulse duration from 10 nanoseconds to
  1 microsecond
• Circuit may be easily modified to drive multiple
  LEDs to achieve greater optical signal
• Signal amplitude is adjusted by varying LED
  cathode potential

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Pulser in Calibration Unit
73
Pulser Cards
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Comparison of VME Based Pulser and Unit Located
at LED
Comparison of VME Based Pulser and Unit Located
at LED  
VME Based System             System has greater
voltage range due to FET output device o     
Output is adjustable from under five
volts to more than 15 volts         Minimum
pulse width is less than 10 nanoseconds and is
limited by the response of the LED         Rise
and fall times are less than 3 nanoseconds       
  Four pulsers or more are mounted on a single
card         Requires coaxial cable for
LED o      Some concern about signal reflection
this has not been observed in prototype units
Pulser at LED             Pulser is designed
with bipolar technology no FETs o     
Able to withstand higher levels of
radiation         Minimum pulse width is less
than 10 nanoseconds         Rise and fall times
are less than 5 nanoseconds         Voltage
output limited to a maximum of 15 volts        
Requires a minimum of 5 VDC May be increased to
15 VDC         No worry of reflections on a
coaxial line
                         
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Test of CMS_HF Light Guide System at Iowa PMT
Test Station

• A. Ayan, U. Akgun, E. Gulmez, A.
  Mestvirishvili, M. Miller, J. Olson, Y. Onel,
  I. Schmidt
• University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
• Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey

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Light Guide Shipment
77
Light Guide Milling
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Light Guide Tests

• Purpose
• Test the effect of the light guides on the
  uniformity of the PMT Signal by measuring the X-Y
  uniformity and attenuationOptical properties
  mixing
• Comparison of the tapered light guides vs.
  non-tapered ones.
• Comparison of the different types of reflective
  materials (HEM, Mylar)
• Used the same light guides and reflective
  materials (HEM, Mylar) as in the test beam

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Light Guide Test Setup
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Light Guide Test Setup
81
Light guide test setup
82
Light source through Fiber for Light guide test
83
X Uniformity without light guide
84
Y Uniformity without light guide
85
Uniformity with HEM (straight) light guide
86
Test beam

• Two wedges assembly (H2 beam)

87
Test beam setup
Iron shield
Two HF wedges Four data taking conditions-Perpen
dicular to beam-Inclined by 6o
horizontally-Inclined by 4o vertically-Modules
turned by 90 degrees to scan along the side
Muon tagger
Delay Wire Chambers Resolution 200 mm
Trigger counters
88
Source calibration
New Task for Iowa Ianos Schmidt (Source System
Coordinator) Source calibration successfully
implemented in parallel to test beam exposure
both wedges in H2 have been systematically
sourced. A 3 mCurie Co60 source is pushed into
source tubes ( at least one per tower) and
current drawn by PMTs is measured by Iowa
electrometer (Mike Miller). The results are
compared to the longitudinal scan done with the
100 Gev electron beam.
Under fiber bundles
Inside Backplane
Current ( arb units)
Under PMT
Inside absorber
Source pos.
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Induced luminescence studies
At Cern HF quartz fibres have been irradiated
in 24 GeV/c proton beam (PS) September
2002 0.5 GeV/c electron beam (LIL) August 2001
Iowa-Turkish GroupsK. Cankoçak, I. Dumanoglu,
A. Esendemir, J.P. Merlo, I. Schmidt
k of Cerenkov ligth is emitted in the backward
direction ( k ?
20 _at_ NIM A 399 (1997) 202-226, with electrons
parallel to the fibres ) Forward
F(l) e(l) IC(l) IL (1k) Backward
B(l) e(l) IC(l) k IL(1k)
proton hadronic shower at 10 cm depth 10 deg from
beam
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Luminescence
Before Irradiation
after 4.6x1014 protons
FWD light
BWD light
Evidence for luminescence increase with radiation
(already seen last year with irradiation in 500
MeV electron beam) Working on interpretation and
estimation of induced background light during LHC
operation
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HF Wedge Test Beam 2002 Iowa Analysis

• Ahmet Sedat Ayan
• University of Iowa
• Dept. of Physics Astronomy

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Outline

• Electromagnetic energy resolution
• electronpositron
• electron
• positron
• Wedge face scan w/ 50 GeV electrons
• QF vs No QF energy resolution
• Response linearity to electrons
• Hadronic energy resolution

93
Electromagnetic energy resolution by electrons

• Response of EM fibers _at_ T15
• If only electrons used,
• a2.77
• b0.11

94
Electromagnetic energy resolution by positrons
after light-guide intervention

• The installed light guide reflector elongated by
  15mm.
• The the constant term of electromagnetic
  resolution improves to 188. !!!

95
Scan by 50GeV electrons

• T15, EM fibers.
• Beam particle hit position cut by 0.25x0.25mm
  squares.

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6 degrees tilt

• EM fiber locations not visible with 6 degrees
  tilt.
• run00097.root

97
Response linearity to electrons

• Response linearity of T15, EM fibers is within
  2.3
• Problem with 100GeV electron run. (as mentioned
  before).

98
Hadronic energy resolution by pions

• T15, EM fibers.
• Gaussian fit to signal
• Used sigma (?) and mean ?(E) of fit.
• ?/E?20

99
Higgs Search
100
HCAL - ? Coverage
(A.Nikitenko)
HF needed for tag jets, missing ET and jet vetoes
(SUSY)
101
Higgs Discovery Reach
The WW fusion process, isolated by 2 tag jets
with formation of the Higgs and subsequent decay
into W W may be THE discovery mode for Higgs
masses 102
Schedule
Conclusion HF is well on schedule and stays
clear of CMS critical path
103
Tests next year
An extensive test beam campaign next year in 6-8
weeks we could test half of HF wedges. Such
exposure would allow us to be much better
prepared for the LHC run one full HF would be
known.
104
Summary

• HF is now part of the working detector. The
  Physics of SUSY requires HF at first beam.
• The gantry crane will lower HF into UX5 in May
  2005.
• The CMS-HCAL community/leadership has created a
  plan to meet this critical path milestone. We
  have begun the HF constructions.

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Quarknet 2002

• Iowa hosted a summer institute for high school
  teachers in July
• 28 high school teacher participation
• (3 week session)
• CMS summer research
• Peter Bruecken Bettendorf High teacher
• Ben Bettendorf High student
• Aaron Sartor Bettendorf High student
• Beth Takamoto Bettendorf High student

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Quarknet 2002 CMS Summer Research
108
TIER 2 - PILOT PROGRAM
The University of Iowa
109
TIER-2 Pilot Program

• Building Collaborative Environments for
  Grid- based CMS LHC Analysis
• Iowa is funding a pilot program for CMS TIER-2
• Competing for intra-university grant
• Test bed for CMS

110
Infrastructure Development

• A Proof-of-concept system is being built to
  prototype a Tier-2 Physics Grid site for Compact
  Muon Solenoid collaboration
• A Linux cluster
• One master node and two compute nodes, all with
  Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) architecture
• One Terabyte SCSI RAID storage
• Gigabit Ethernet
• Additional resources

111
Source Tube Assembly