Rock Cycle and Geology

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Rock Cycle and Geology

• Global Science
• 12/6/06

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What are the 3 types of rock?
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Igneous Rock

• Igneous Rock Rock formed from cooled
• magma.
• Extrusive igneous rock formed when magma cools
  quickly on the earths surface
• Intrusive igneous rock formed when magma cools
  over time inside the earth.

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Sedimentary Rock

• Sedimentary Rock Rocks formed
• from sediment layers on the earths
• surface due to weathering.

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3 Sedimentary Rock Types

• Clastic rock made from fragments of
  other rocks and minerals.
• Chemical rock formed from solutions
  of minerals and water
  (Sandstone)
• Organic limestone rock and rock
  formed from calcium carbonate (ocean
  animals).

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How Sedimentary Rock Forms
Pre-existing Rock
Weathering
Sediment Forms
Erosion
Compaction Cementation
Sedimentary Rock
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Metamorphic Rock

• Metamorphic Rock (Meta New)
• Rock formed from a change in pre-existing rock
• usually due to increased heat and pressure.
• Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rock
• can change to become new metamorphic rock.

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Metamorphic Rock

• Foliated
• (Patterned like pages in a book)
• Mineral crystals are in line
• Non-Foliated (Non-patterned)

Gneiss
Marble
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Metamorphic
Slate
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Metamorphic
Marble
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Rock Cycle
Weathering, Erosion
Deposition
Sedimentary Rock
Cementation (Pressure, Temperature)
Metamorphic Rock
Melting
Cooling
(Magma)
Igneous Rock
Weathering
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Cementation
Heat and Pressure
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Cementation
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Minerals

• What is a mineral?
• Crystalline structure crystal structure
• Solid cannot be a liquid or gas
• Formed in nature only not man-made
• Nonliving not made of living organisms

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Crystal Structure
Atoms bind together to form molecules.
Atoms
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Identifying Minerals

• Color (Minerals can come in many varieties)
• Streak color of a mineral in a powder form
• Cleavage the way a mineral breaks
• Hardness Determined by Mohs scale of hardness
• Density mass per volume
• Luster
• Metallic Shiny
• Submetallic In-between metallic and nonmetallic
• Nonmetallic (Dull)

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Types of Minerals

• Silicate Minerals minerals containing the
  elements of Silica and Oxygen.(SiO2)
• Examples Feldspar, Mica, Quartz
• Nonsilicate Minerals minerals that do not
  contain combinations of Silica and Oxygen.
• Examples Native Elements (Gold (Au), Platinum
  (Pt), Diamond (C), Copper (Cu), Sulfur (S), and
  Silver (Ag).

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More Non-Silicate Examples

• Carbonates (CaCO3) Calcite
• Halides Fl, Cl, I, or Br combine with Na, K, or
  Ca. (NaCl) Salt, (CaFl2) Fluorite
• Oxides Al or Fe (Iron) combines with Oxygen.
• (Al2O3) Aluminum Oxide or Corundum
• (Fe3O4) Iron Oxide or Magnetite
• Sulfates Gypsum
• Sulfides Pb, Fe, or Ni combined with Sulfur
  (PbS) Galena

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Special Properties

• Fluorescence UV light (glow or not?)
• Chemical Reaction acid RxNs?
• Optics double images?
• Taste salty or not? (Halite)
• Magnetic does it attract iron (Fe)?

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Clastic
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Sandstone
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Limestone
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