Reading and Comprehension

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Reading and Comprehension
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Group 2

• Dr.N.Nataraja Pillai
• Dr.S.Radhakrishnan
• Dr.T.Parasuraman
• Dr.k.Pasumpon
• Dr.T.Muthukrishnan
• Dr.R.Muralidharan
• Dr.P.Nagaraj

• Dr.M.Padmanabhan
• Mrs.T.Suriya Prabha
• Mrs.J.Vijayalakshmi
• Mrs. V.Suguna
• Mrs. Suja Mathew
• Mr. S.Muthukumaravel
• Mr. Radhakrishanan

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• 1. Definition
• Reading is a process of using eyes and
  mind (with interest and positive attitude) with
  required competense in language in prescribed
  time to understand and interpret the literal as
  well as the hidden meanings of what the writer
  attempts to convey.

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2. Types of reading discussed

• a. Reading and comprehension
• The objective is to observe the reading
  with correct pronunciation, pauses and using
  exclamatory marks. Further, this will test the
  macro skill stipulated as finding the main idea
  of the text, the ideas expressed in the
  paragraphs, etc..

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• b. Reading with comprehension
• The objective is to test the
  comprehending ability of the readers focusing on
  the ideas and the meaning of vocabulary.

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• c. Reading and time management
• This has the objective under this
  reading is test reading faster and understand
  better.

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• d. Reading other materials
• Emphasis is given for reading and
  interpreting graphs, pictures in manuals, etc.

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3. Barriers of Reading (Elements of reading)

• The following are the barriers taken in to
  consideration and some of them are considered as
  parameters also.
• Faulty visual perception
• Reading word by word
• Regressions ( going back and front to understand
  )
• Head swinging , finger pointing
• Vocalization ( Reading loudly)
• Sub-vocalization (murmuring, making unnecessary
  sound, etc.)

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3. Barriers of Reading (Elements of reading)
Continued

• Lack of stamina
• Lack of interest ( motivation)
• Word blocking
• Word analysis
• Monotonous plodding
• Back tracking
• Rereading (l and m involves thought process)
• Readability ( reading ability)
• Lack of concentration

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4. Errors in ReadingThese are divided mainly
into two Interference of Mother Tongue and others

• Pronunciation errors vowels , consonants,
  diphthongs, etc.
• Faulty pausing  word, phrases, sentences,
  punctuations, stress, intonation, etc.
• Mother tongue interference. This depends of the
  contrastive features of the M.T. and English.
  Normally, one can find the following if the MT
  is Tamil. Voiced and voiceless consonants
  interchanged, voicing of the voiceless consonants
  after a nasal, using long vowels, unstressed
  vowels, hypercorrections, etc.

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5. Remedial measures

• Recognition of correct pronunciation using
  dictionary/ understanding received pronunciation
• Model reading create a model by teacher himself
• Exercises exclusively prepared for the error
  correction
• Conscious effort training in self correction

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5. Remedial measures
Continued

• There are two kinds of standardization available.
  1. Mono-model standardization (accepting only one
  form colour) and 2. Bi/multi model
  standardization ( accepting two or more forms
  colour and color)
• Knowing not only the spelling system of English
  but also the morphological features of the word
  read and read ( past form) woman women, etc.
• Metathesis

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6. Design a basic tool

• Anything that is not included in the examination
  is neglected by both the
• teachers and students. But are to be
  developed for better performance in the light of
• job seeking and for developing aptitude.

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7. Technical Manual Reading

• I.I.Ts go in for reading a graph, stat diagram
  data, percentage, numerical data in rows and
  columns, reading of a graphic representation of
  the text and derive the meaning.

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8. Factors affecting Comprehension

• Kind of text used familiar or not (story to a
  legal text)
• Vocabulary
• Sentence length
• Paragraph formation
• Style of the author, etc.

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• Reading Comprehension

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• Vishwaditya, the king of Magadh, heard that a
  great physician who lived in the neighbouring
  kingdom had invented an edible magic substance,
  which, if eaten with sweetmeat, would give one
  long life. He invited the physician through his
  messengers. The physician arrived with four
  sweetmeat balls- mixed with the magic substance.
  The delighted king ordered his soldiers to bring
  a big garland made of very attractive looking and
  scented flowers, and himself garlanded the
  physician. The physician removed the precious
  cloth with which he had covered the plate of
  sweet meat balls. The kings joy knew no bound at
  the sight of the contents of the plate. While the
  physician was about to offer the sweetmeat balls
  to the king, the court jestler rushed forward,
  picked up a ball and began eating it. Everyone
  present in the court was astonished.

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• Take hold of the mad chap! shouted the king.
  The kings bodyguards did so. The half eaten
  sweetmeat ball fell from his hand. How dare you
  touch the magic thing meant for me? Be ready to
  face the consequence death! The jestler shed
  tears. No use crying, said the king. I am
  crying for you, my lord! replied the jestler.
  Why ? asked the king .My lord, by eating only
  half of the magic thing, I am going to die. What
  will happen to you when you eat the whole of the
  magic thing? said the jester. The king saw sense
  in what the jestler said. He realized his mistake
  of believing in such magic things. He suitably
  honored the jestler.

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• 1.The kings bodyguards did so. Which of the
  following correctly explains did so?
• They snatched away the half-eaten ball
• They arrested the physician
• They snatched away the plate of balls
• They took hold of the physician
• None of these
• 2. According to the kings information, which of
  the following was the invention of the physician?
• An edible substance that was very sweet
• A magic substance that would give strength
• A magic substance that would reduce the life span
• A substance that would postpone death
• A substance that would make life miserable

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• 3. Which of the following statements is true in
  the context of the passage?
• The king was not moved by the jestlers weeping
  
• The sweetmeat balls were having wonderful power
• The punishment sentenced on the jestler was
  implemented
• The physician was one of the kings own subjects
• The king had realized his mistake even before the
  jestlers act.
• 4. When the physician visited the court, the king
• a. got annoyed
• b. was wearing a garland
• c. became very happy
• d. ordered him to garland his soldiers
• e. uncovered the plate of sweetmeat balls

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• 5.According to the jestler, what was the effect
  of eating of ball, on him ?
• a. Tears in eyes
• b. Death sentence
• c. Longer life
• d. Being honored by the king
• e. None of these
• 6. Which of the following surprised the country?
• a. The physicians wonderful invention
• b. The kings unlimited joy at the sight of the
  plate
• c. The jostlers wisdom of exposing the
  physician
• d. The kings reaction towards the jestler
• e. The jesters act of picking up and eating a
  sweetmeat ball

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• 7. What made the jestler weep with sorrow?
• a. The death sentence passed on him by the king
• b. His concern and anxiety for the life safety
  of the king
• c. The effect of the physicians invention on
  the lives of the people
• d. The destruction of the half sweetmeat ball
• e. The death sentence was not passed on him by
  the king
• 8. The king offered death sentence on the jestler
  because the jestler had
• a. tried to teach the king a lesson
• b. caught hold of the physician
• c. insulted the physician by his impolite act
• d. snatched away the thing which was meant for
  the king
• e. touched the magic sweetmeat ball to remove
  its power

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• 9.He realized his mistake of believing in such
  magic things. Which of the following explains
  such magic things?
• a. Things which have miraculous power
• b. Things which have been prepared by famous
  physicians
• c. Things said to possess magic power but do not
  have such power
• d. Things offered to the king to help him live
  longer
• e. None of these
• 10. The king honored the jestler for his act of
• a. opening the kings eyes
• b. committing a mistake
• c. realizing that he was wrong
• d. believing in false things
• e. eating up half a sweetmeat ball

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• ANSWERS
• comprehension
• 1.b
• 2.b
• 3.c
• 4.a
• 5.b
• 6.c
• 7.b
• 8.b
• 9.b
• 10.c

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Reading and punctuation

• i am playing my best saina
• the junior world badminton champion and world
  no 10 saina nehwal feels that she is playing at
  her best at the moment and there is absolutely no
  pressure on her as she sets her sight high
• saina who has been signed by herbalife a health
  and nutrition product as a brand ambassador here
  on Wednesday said I am playing my best game now
  being world no 10 does not add any pressure and I
  am enjoying every bit of it and hope to break
  into the top five
• saina however said that while becoming a world
  no 1 was a big dream she has not set any time
  frame on that
• at the level I am playing there are a lot more
  experienced players and who are really good it is
  going to be a tough act but I will keep doing my
  best

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Reading and punctuation continued

• saina also discounted the possibility of
  training abroad personally I dont thing I can do
  that I enjoy training here
• at gopichands academy I put seven to eight
  hours of training which is not possible if I go
  abroad we have all the facilities here and some
  of the best coaches in the world like
  prakashpadukone vimalkumar and of course my
  mentor gopichand
• I did have a bit of pressure when I won the
  Philippines open last season following which
  there were a lot of expectations but I can now
  handle it I do a lot of meditation and stay calm
  she said
• (Courtesy The Hindu, dated 29 January, 2009.)

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Reading and punctuationkey

• I AM PLAYING MY BEST, SAINA
• The junior world badminton champion and world
  no.10, Saina Nehwal, feels that she is playing at
  her best at the moment and there is absolutely no
  pressure on her as she sets her sight high.
• Saina, who has been signed by Herbalife, a health
  and nutrition product as a Brand Ambassador
  here on Wednesday, said,I am playing my best
  game now. Being world no. 10 does not add any
  pressure and I am enjoying every bit of it and
  hope to break into the top five.
• Saina, however, said that while becoming a world
  no.1 was a big dream she has not set any time
  frame on that.
• At the level I am playing, there are a lot more
  experienced players and who are really good. It
  is going to be a tough act but I will keep doing
  my best.

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Reading and punctuationkey continued

• Saina also discounted the possibility of training
  abroad. Personally, I dont thing I can do that.
  I enjoy training here. At Gopichands academy, I
  put seven to eight hours of training, which is
  not possible if I go abroad. We have all the
  facilities here and some of the best coaches in
  the world like Prakash Padukone, Vimal Kumar and
  of course my mentor Gopichand.
• I did have a bit of pressure when I won the
  Philippines open last season, following which
  there were a lot of expectations but I can now
  handle it. I do a lot of meditation and stay
  calm, she said.
• (Courtesy The Hindu, dated 29 January, 2009.)

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Reading and time management

• Instructions The following passage has 185
  words. You are requested to read and comprehend
  this passage as fast as you can. You are further
  requested to answer the questions selecting the
  appropriate answer from the options given.

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Reading and time management

• It is possible that you had subtle symptoms of
  diabetes for years and did not know that you had
  the disease. Weight loss, increased thirst, and
  fatigue may have been building up over a number
  of years. Because the disease has been present
  for a long time, you may have some complications
  at the time diagnosis is made. These might
  include hypertension (high blood pressure), heart
  disease, vascular disease (small blood vessel
  disease), or kidney disease. Your physician will
  treat these problems along with your diabetes. It
  is important to treat such complications as early
  as possible because a combination of high blood
  pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease is a
  triple threat to your health.

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Reading and time managementcontinued

• Many people, however, do not have any
  complications and can take actions recommended by
  their physicians concerning diet, exercise,
  medication in the form of pills instead of
  insulin injection, and good mental health. If you
  have non-insulin-dependent diabetes, it is
  possible that your diabetes may reverse itself
  and that your blood sugar levels may return to
  normal and stay that way, particularly if you
  maintain good diet and exercise habits.
• Good diet, ideal weight, adequate exercise,
  adequate insulin availability, and a stable
  mental attitude are the keys to treatment for
  diabetes.

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Reading and time managementcontinued

• 1.According to the passage which of the following
  is not a symptom of non-insulin-dependent
  diabetes?
• a) Increased thirst b) Fatigue c) Yellow skin
  d) Weight loss
• 2. Which among the following is the same as
  subtle in the passage?
• a) not obvious b) clean c) direct d)
  complicated
• 3. Which of the following statements is false
  according to the passage?
• a. A diabetic could have complications of
  hypertension
• b. Unnoticed, a diabetic could have vascular
  disease and heart disease
• c. The physician can treat diabetes along with
  the other complications of heart, kidneys etc.
• d. A combination of high blood pressure, diabetes
  and kidney disease is a threat to your good
  health.

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Reading and Time Managementkey
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Reading with appropriate pause

• My favourite book
• The book,Autobiography of Nehru, is not a
  mere autobiography depicting the happenings of
  the writers life. But it is record of two
  things, the writers personality and the growth
  of Indias freedom movement. The life of Nehru
  has made a great impression on me. It still makes
  me laugh when I remember the event that Panditji
  received beatings from his father for having
  stolen a fountain pen. Equally impressive is his
  language. The phrases such as dying fire drove
  us etc., are worth repeating and worth
  remembering. Though he does not attach much
  importance to his private life, his description
  of the illness of Kamala Nehru brought me to the
  verge of tears.

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Reading with appropriate pausecontinued

• He expresses his growing old in a lucid language
  as follows I was partly bald and my hairs were
  grey, lines and furrows crossed my face and dark
  shadows surrounded my eyes. Nehrus strength of
  character is revealed throughout the book. He
  appears in its pages as a penetrating thinker, a
  man of resolute determination, a lover of action
  and enterprise. Sentiments and weakness were not
  known to him. But he was a man of strong
  emotions, likes and dislikes. The Autobiography
  has won name and fame all over the world. It has
  proved to be the best seller and one of the most
  popular books. This book has placed Nehru among
  the greatest leaders of the world. His other two
  books are no comparison to the Autobiography.

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Reading with appropriate pauseKEY

• The book,/Autobiography of Nehru,/ is not/ a
  mere autobiography /depicting the happenings of
  the writers life./ But it is record of two
  things,/ the writers personality/ and/ the
  growth of Indias freedom movement./ The life of
  Nehru has made/ a great impression on me./ It
  still makes me laugh/ when I remember the event
  /that Panditji received beatings from his father/
  for having stolen a fountain pen./ Equally
  impressive is/ his language./ The phrases/ such
  as/ dying fire drove us etc.,/ are worth
  repeating/ and worth remembering/ Though he does
  not attach much importance to his private life,/
  his description of the illness of Kamala Nehru/
  brought me to the verge of tears./

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Reading with appropriate pauseKEY

• He expresses his growing old/ in a lucid
  language as follows/ I was partly bald/ and/ my
  hairs were grey,/ lines/ and /furrows crossed my
  face/ and/ dark shadows surrounded my eyes./
  Nehrus strength of character is/ revealed
  throughout the book./ He appears in its pages/
  as a penetrating thinker, /a man of resolute
  determination,/ a lover of action/ and
  /enterprise. Sentiments/ and/ weakness/ were not
  known to him/ But he was a man of strong
  emotions,/ likes and dislikes./ The Autobiography
  has won/ name and fame/ all over the world./ It
  has proved to be the best seller/ and /one of the
  most popular books./ This book has placed Nehru/
  among the greatest leaders of the world./ His
  other two books are/ no comparison to the
  Autobiography./

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Thank you