Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi
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Basic Characteristics of Fungi

• Fungi are NOT plants or animals
• Characteristics
• 1. Heterotrophic decomposers
• REMEMBER Heterotrophs depend on other animals
  for food Autotrophs make own food!
• 2. Fungi are multi-cellular except for yeast
• 3. Cell walls of Chitin structural carbohydrate
  (in contrast, cell walls of plantsCELLUOSE
• 4. Fungi absorb NOT ingest food
• Digest food outside their body and then absorb
  the nutrients into themselves (like a sponge)
• Can be parasitic ringworm, athletes foot

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ATHLETES FOOT
HAPPENS WHEN YOU WEAR SAME SOCKS 2 DAYS IN A ROW
OR PUT ON FOOT- WEAR (NO SOCKS) THAT HAS THE
FUNGUS GROWING INSIDE IT.
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Effects of Ringworm (fungus)

IN BOTH CASES, THE FUNGUS IS LITERALLY EATING
YOUR FLESH TO GET ENERGY FOR ITSELF TO SUSTAIN
LIFE. IT DOES NOT GO AWAY ON OWN.YOU NEED TO
GET A DOCTOR OR MEDICINE TO TREAT IT!
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DIFF. TYPES MUSHROOMS

GROWS ON FALLEN LOGS/ DEAD TREES-Mushroom Ring
MUSHROOMS CAN BE TOXIC-BEWARE! NOT ALL SAFE TO
EAT-DONT EAT IN WILD
A mushroom most of us have never seen Before
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Feeding Relationships of Fungi

• 2 Basic food sources for fungi
• A. SAPROPHYTES fungi that obtain food by
  breaking down dead and decaying orgs
• This makes MOST fungi DECOMPOSERS good for
  nutrient cycle as recycle nutrients that were
  taken out of soil. Decompose leaf litter on
  forest floor.
• B. PARASITIC
• Many fungi feed on living organisms without
  killing them, examples
• Athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch

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What is jock itch?
STUFF YOU CAN USE

• Jock itch, also known as tinea cruris, is a
  fungal infection of the skin in the groin. The
  warm, moist environment is the perfect place for
  the fungus to grow. Anything that enhances that
  environment puts the person at risk of getting
  jock itch. Therefore, wearing sweaty, wet
  clothing in the summer time or wearing several
  layers of clothing in the wintertime causes an
  increased incidence of jock itch. Men are
  affected more often than women.

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Hyphae

• All Fungi except for yeast are made of Hyphae
• Each Hypha is one cell, can have 1 or 2 nuclei
  free to move or not
• Body of Fungi is called Mycelium many hyphae
  tangled together
• Fruiting Body reproductive part of underground
  mycelium

MOST OF MUSHROOM IS GROWING UNDERGROUND
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Where do Fungi Live?Fungi love damp
areas. They can be found nearly everywhere, and
you can find them springing up in woods, parks,
gardens and mountain-tops..
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Where do Fungi live?(cont.)

• Some fungi live tangled up amongst the roots of
  trees. You might also find them in places where
  you do not want to find them, like in your
  cheese, in your in your fruit bowl, turning
  oranges green and dusty, or in damp bathrooms
  growing on walls in black mouldy patches (mold
  and mildew are fungi)

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A Fairy Ring

• Why does this happen?
• Is this all one organism?

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Reproduction

• Reproduce both Asexually and Sexually
• Asexual - 2 ways
• Hyphae break off forms a new organism
• Produce Spores reproductive cell made by
  mitosis
• Made in the sporangia
• Sporangia are found at tips of specialized hyphae
• Spores are found everywhere!
• Chance of spore germinating is 1 in a billion!
• Needs warm, moist environment

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Asexual Reproduction in Action

• Spores are being released into the air!

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Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction
• Hyphae of opposite mating types meet
• Structure that makes gametes (haploid)
• 2 haploid gametes fuse make diploid zygote
• Meiosis takes place to make haploid org

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Types of Fungi

• Classify by structure and reproduction methods
• 1. Common Molds
• Ex Bread Mold
• 2. Sac Fungi
• Yeasts
• 3. Club Fungi
• Mushrooms
• 4. Imperfect Fungi
• Catch all Ex Penicillium

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Common Mold

• Molds on meat, cheese, and bread
• 3 Types of Hyphae
• Stolons Stem like hyphae
• Run along top of food source
• Rhiziods Root like hyphae
• Penetrate,Release digestive enzymes, absorb
  organic matter
• Sporangiophores hyphae that push up in air
• Release spores into the air
• Sexual and Asexual life stages

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Life Cycle of Common Mold
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2. Sac Fungi (Yeast)

• Named for the Ascus
• Reproductive structure that contains spores
• Visible and microscopic
• Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
• Conidia tiny spore name means dust
• In suitable conditions form new orgs.

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Yeast used in Brewery
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Ascomycota Ex Yeast

• Baking Yeast
• use alcohol fermentation to obtain energy
• Sugar (from grapes, starch) used as food, give
  off alcohol, CO2
• CO2 is why bread rises

INDUSTRIAL
TANKS WHERE ALCOHOL FERMENTATION IS TAKING PLACE
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3. Club Fungi

• Reproductive Structure looks like a club
• Fruiting Body
• Common Mushrooms
• Edible, Medicinal, Poisonous

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Phylum BasidiomycotaLife Cycle
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4. Imperfect Fungi

• Reproduce Asexually by spores
• Ex Penicillium notatum
• Grows on fruit
• Source of antibiotic penicillin

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Penicillin was the first wonderdrug