Things to Know from Chapter 7

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Things to Know from Chapter 7

• Piedmontrises from coastal plain on east coast.
• Fall lineboundary between coastal plain and
  Piedmont
• Great Plains between the Appalachian Mountains
  and Rocky Mountains.
• Appalachians created when North America collided
  with Africa 300 million yrs. ago. Rounded off by
  erosion.
• Rockies consist of several ranges.
• Basinlowland area surrounded by mountains.
  Great Basin.
• Death Valley282 ft. below sea level.
• Cascade, Sierra Nevada Ranges. Several
  volcanoesMt. Ranier, Mt. Hood, Mount Shasta, Mt.
  St. Helens.
• Western U.S. is along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
  Aleutian Islands part of a subduction zone.

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• Hot Spotweak spot in a plate through which lava
  flows. Hawaii
• Continental Dividecrest of the Rockies and
  divides those rivers that flow eastward and those
  that flow westward
• Important Rivers
• 1. St. Lawrenceconnects Great Lakes to Gulf of
  St. Lawrence
• 2. Ohio, Mississippi
• 3. Missouri, Columbia, Colorado
• North America has more lakes than any other
  continent.
• United States has 25 of worlds coal reserves.

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United States Map Info

• All 50 states
• Rivers
• Ohio
• Mississippi
• St. Lawrence Seaway
• Rio Grande
• Missouri
• Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico

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United States Map Info

• Mountains
• Appalachian
• Rocky
• Cascade
• Sierra Nevada
• 5. All five Great Lakes

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• Chapter 8
• Section 1History and Culture
• History
• 1. Two theories of settlementBering land bridge
  14,000 years ago, or even earlier along the
  Alaskan coast.
• 2. Spanish held roughly 25--Florida, Texas, New
  Mexico, Arizona, California.
• 3. French held territory around the Great Lakes,
  Ohio Valley,
• Louisiana, Great Plains.
• 4. British settled Jamestown in 1607.
  Established colonies along the Atlantic Coast.
• 5. British won Frances territory in the French
  and Indian War 1754-1763.
• 6. War for Independence 1775-1781. Established
  a Federal
• Systempower is share among state, federal,
  local levels.

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• 7. Civil War 1861-1865
• a. slavery and its expansion
• b. North was industrial, south
  agricultural. Cultural conflict.
• c. North won
• 8. Westward Expansion
• a. Western migration after the Civil
  Waradventure, farming, mining.
• b. conflict with the Indians
• c. invention of the steel plow.
• 9. Industrialization in late 1800s
• a. development of corporation, railroads
  (Transcontinental
• Railroad in 1869).
• b. more European immigrantseastern and
  southern.

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• 10. 1900s
• a. World War I 19141918
• b. Great Depression1929
• c. World War II 1941-1945
• d. U.S. established as a super-power
  after WWII.
• e. Cold War
• -between the U.S. and Soviets
• -no shots fired, but a war in every
  other way.
• Culture
• 1. Influenced by immigration.
• 2. One of the worlds most culturally diverse
  countries.
• 3. People
• a. Most people of European descent
• b. 12 African
• c. Hispanics are now the largest minority
• d. No official language. Spanish is second
  most spoken.

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• 4. Religion
• a. 1200 religions
• b. 25 Roman Catholic
• c. 6 million Jews
• 5. Settlement
• a. concentrated in the Northeast
• b. moving south and west because of
  economic decline in the Northeast and good
  weather in the South.
• 6. Customs and Traditions
• a. first country to have skyscrapers
• b. blues, rock, country, jazz
• c. baseball and basketball have diffused

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• Section 2Regions
• Northeast (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
  Massachusetts, Rhode Island, West Virginia,
  Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Maryland,
  Delaware, Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C.)
• 1. Most populated1/5 of population.
• 2. Megalopolis
• 3. political, financial, industrial center.
• 4. Industry
• a. first industries developed here
• b. steel industry
• c. declinecheap labor
• d. Rust Belt
• 5. Several culturesmost recently Latin American
  and Asian

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• 6. Cities
• a. New York
• -New Amsterdam
• -20 million peoplelargest
  metropolitan area
• - Five boroughs Manhattan, Staten
  Island, Queens, Bronx, Brooklyn.
• Midwest
• 1. 1800sgrowing cities and farmland
• 2. 1915-1930 many blacks migrated from the South
  to find work.
• 3. Arable land
• 4. Corn Belt
• a. Nebraska to Iowa
• b. U.S. is worlds leading exporter of Corn
• 5. Dairy Belt
• a. Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota
• b. cooler and less fertile

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• 6. Leading producer of industrial goods because
  of the Great Lakes.
• 7. Great Lakes
• a. largest freshwater system in the world.
• b. formed by glaciers during the last ice
  age.
• c. access via the St. Lawrence Seaway
• 8. Cities
• a. Chicagolargest in the Midwest
• b. Detroitautomobiles
• South
• 1. Historically poor and agricultural. Crippled
  by the Civil War.
• Lacked an industrial base. People left.
• 2. Attracted new industry since 1960s. People
  came back.
• 3. New immigrants from Caribbean and Mexico.
  Hispanics are a majority in some places.

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• 4. Economy
• a. primary industrieslumber
• b. new industry because of cheap labor,
  favorable laws (taxes,regulation). i.e. Ford
  plant in Louisville.
• c. foreign automobile plants.
  Mississippi, Kentucky.
• d. tourism
• 5. Cities
• a. Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston
• West
• 1. Most sparsely populated area in the country.
• 2. Opened by the transcontinental railroad
• 3. Interior West
• a. Wheat Beltarid land
• Kansas, Dakotas, Oklahoma, Nebraska,
  Colorado
• b. Ogallala Aquiferdepletion

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• c. Mining
• -Nevada is leading gold mining state
• -Arizona, New Mexico, Utah are leading
  copper producers.
• d. tourism
• 4. Pacific States
• a. most of the population
• b. Pacific coast is second to Megalopolis
  in economic
• importance.
• c. Aircraft IndustryBoeing
• d. Silicon Valleysouth of San Francisco
• e. city residents compete with farmers for
  water. 80 used by
• farmers.
• 5. Los Angeles
• a. largest metro area in the West. 2nd
  largest in U.S.
• b. smog
• c. population growth because of water in
  early 1900s.

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• 6. Alaska
• a. bought in 1867Sewards Folly. Became
  a state in 1959.
• b. largest and least densely populated
• c. oilANWR.
• 7. Hawaii
• a. state in 1959
• b. strategic location in the
  Pacificmilitary bases.
• Section 3Geographic Issues
• 1. Environmental
• a. consumption of energy and pollution
• b. Dead zone off of Louisiana coast.
• c. Dams on the Columbia have hurt salmon
  migration.
• d. Competition over water from the Colorado
  River between
• California and Arizona. Hardly any
  water reaches
• 2. Cities
• a. sprawl has hurt city revenues no one
  to pay taxes.

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• b. gentrification
• -young professionals restore older
  homes
• -raises costs for the poor
• -cities restoring homes for the poor
• 3. Trade deficitmore imports than exports.
  Raise tariffs?
• 4. NAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreement
• a. 1994
• b. eliminated trade and barriers
• c. free trade
• d. companies moved operations to Mexico.